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在上篇 ElasticSearch 文章中，我們?cè)敿?xì)的介紹了 ElasticSearch 的各種 api 使用。

實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，我們通常基于某些主流框架平臺(tái)進(jìn)行技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)，比如 SpringBoot，今天我們就以 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 為例，給大家詳細(xì)的介紹 ElasticSearch 的使用！

SpringBoot 連接 ElasticSearch，主流的方式有以下四種方式

方式一：通過(guò)Elastic Transport Client客戶(hù)端連接 es 服務(wù)器，底層基于 TCP 協(xié)議通過(guò) transport 模塊和遠(yuǎn)程 ES 服務(wù)端通信，不過(guò)，從 V7.0 開(kāi)始官方不建議使用，V8.0開(kāi)始正式移除。
方式二：通過(guò)Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶(hù)端連接 es 服務(wù)器，底層基于 HTTP 協(xié)議通過(guò) restful API 來(lái)和遠(yuǎn)程 ES 服務(wù)端通信，只提供了最簡(jiǎn)單最基本的 API，類(lèi)似于上篇文章中給大家介紹的 API 操作邏輯
方式三：通過(guò)Elastic Java High Level Rest Client客戶(hù)端連接 es 服務(wù)器，底層基于Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶(hù)端做了一層封裝，提供了更高級(jí)得 API 且和Elastic Transport Client接口及參數(shù)保持一致，官方推薦的 es 客戶(hù)端。
方式四：通過(guò)JestClient客戶(hù)端連接 es 服務(wù)器，這是開(kāi)源社區(qū)基于 HTTP 協(xié)議開(kāi)發(fā)的一款 es 客戶(hù)端，官方宣稱(chēng)接口及代碼設(shè)計(jì)比 ES 官方提供的 Rest 客戶(hù)端更簡(jiǎn)潔、更合理，更好用，具有一定的 ES 服務(wù)端版本兼容性，但是更新速度不是很快，目前 ES 版本已經(jīng)出到 V7.9，但是JestClient只支持 V1.0~V6.X 版本的 ES。

還有一個(gè)需要大家注意的地方，那就是版本號(hào)的兼容！

在開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，大家尤其需要關(guān)注一下客戶(hù)端和服務(wù)端的版本號(hào)，要盡可能保持一致，比如服務(wù)端 es 的版本號(hào)是6.8.2，那么連接 es 的客戶(hù)端版本號(hào)，最好也是6.8.2，即使因項(xiàng)目的原因不能保持一致，客戶(hù)端的版本號(hào)必須在6.0.0 ～6.8.2，不要超過(guò)服務(wù)器的版本號(hào)，這樣客戶(hù)端才能保持正常工作，否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多意想不到的問(wèn)題，假如客戶(hù)端是7.0.4的版本號(hào)，此時(shí)的程序會(huì)各種報(bào)錯(cuò)，甚至沒(méi)辦法用！

為什么要這樣做呢？主要原因就是 es 的服務(wù)端，高版本不兼容低版本；es6 和 es7 的某些 API 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)有著很大的區(qū)別，所以客戶(hù)端和服務(wù)端版本號(hào)盡量保持一致。

廢話(huà)也不多說(shuō)了，直接上代碼！

二、代碼實(shí)踐

本文采用的SpringBoot版本號(hào)是2.1.0.RELEASE，服務(wù)端 es 的版本號(hào)是6.8.2，客戶(hù)端采用的是官方推薦的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本號(hào)是6.4.2，方便與SpringBoot的版本兼容。

2.1、導(dǎo)入依賴(lài)

< !--elasticsearch-- >
< dependency >
    < groupId >org.elasticsearch< /groupId >
    < artifactId >elasticsearch< /artifactId >
    < version >6.4.2< /version >
< /dependency >
< dependency >
    < groupId >org.elasticsearch.client< /groupId >
    < artifactId >elasticsearch-rest-client< /artifactId >
    < version >6.4.2< /version >
< /dependency >
< dependency >
    < groupId >org.elasticsearch.client< /groupId >
    < artifactId >elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client< /artifactId >
    < version >6.4.2< /version >
< /dependency >

2.2、配置環(huán)境變量

在application.properties全局配置文件中，配置elasticsearch自定義環(huán)境變量

elasticsearch.scheme=http
elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200
elasticsearch.userName=
elasticsearch.userPwd=
elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000
elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000
elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000

2.3、創(chuàng)建 elasticsearch 的 config 類(lèi)

@Configuration
public class ElasticsearchConfiguration {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticsearchConfiguration.class);


    private static final int ADDRESS_LENGTH = 2;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}")
    private String scheme;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.address}")
    private String address;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.userName}")
    private String userName;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}")
    private String userPwd;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}")
    private Integer socketTimeout;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}")
    private Integer connectTimeout;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}")
    private Integer connectionRequestTimeout;

    /**
     * 初始化客戶(hù)端
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "restHighLevelClient")
    public RestHighLevelClient restClientBuilder() {
        HttpHost[] hosts = Arrays.stream(address.split(","))
                .map(this::buildHttpHost)
                .filter(Objects::nonNull)
                .toArray(HttpHost[]::new);
        RestClientBuilder restClientBuilder = RestClient.builder(hosts);
        // 異步參數(shù)配置
        restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder - > {
            httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider());
            return httpClientBuilder;
        });

        // 異步連接延時(shí)配置
        restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder - > {
            requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout);
            requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);
            requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
            return requestConfigBuilder;
        });

        return new RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);
    }


    /**
     * 根據(jù)配置創(chuàng)建HttpHost
     * @param s
     * @return
     */
    private HttpHost buildHttpHost(String s) {
        String[] address = s.split(":");
        if (address.length == ADDRESS_LENGTH) {
            String ip = address[0];
            int port = Integer.parseInt(address[1]);
            return new HttpHost(ip, port, scheme);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 構(gòu)建認(rèn)證服務(wù)
     * @return
     */
    private CredentialsProvider buildCredentialsProvider(){
        final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
        credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName,
                userPwd));
        return credentialsProvider;
    }
}

至此，客戶(hù)端配置完畢，項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候，會(huì)自動(dòng)注入到Spring的ioc容器里面。

2.4、索引管理

es 中最重要的就是索引庫(kù)，客戶(hù)端如何創(chuàng)建呢？請(qǐng)看下文！

創(chuàng)建索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建索引（簡(jiǎn)單模式）
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void createIndex() throws IOException {
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("cs_index");
        CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }


    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建索引（復(fù)雜模式）
     * 可以直接把對(duì)應(yīng)的文檔結(jié)構(gòu)也一并初始化
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void createIndexComplete() throws IOException {
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest();
        //索引名稱(chēng)
        request.index("cs_index");
        //索引配置
        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
                .put("index.number_of_shards", 3)
                .put("index.number_of_replicas", 1)
                .build();
        request.settings(settings);

        //映射結(jié)構(gòu)字段
        Map< String, Object > properties = new HashMap();
        properties.put("id", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("name", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("sex", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("age", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long"));
        properties.put("city", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("createTime", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long"));
        Map< String, Object > mapping = new HashMap<  >();
        mapping.put("properties", properties);
        //添加一個(gè)默認(rèn)類(lèi)型
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(request));
        request.mapping("_doc",mapping);
        CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }

}

刪除索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 刪除索引
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteIndex() throws IOException {
        DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("cs_index1");
        AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }


}

查詢(xún)索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 查詢(xún)索引
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getIndex() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求
        GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求,獲取響應(yīng)
        GetIndexResponse response = client.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}

查詢(xún)索引是否存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 檢查索引是否存在
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void exists() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求
        GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求,獲取響應(yīng)
        boolean response = client.indices().exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

}

查詢(xún)所有的索引名稱(chēng)

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 查詢(xún)所有的索引名稱(chēng)
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getAllIndices() throws IOException {
        GetAliasesRequest request = new GetAliasesRequest();
        GetAliasesResponse response =  client.indices().getAlias(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        Map< String, Set< AliasMetaData >> map = response.getAliases();
        Set< String > indices = map.keySet();
        for (String key : indices) {
            System.out.println(key);
        }
    }

}

查詢(xún)索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 查詢(xún)索引映射字段
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getMapping() throws IOException {
        GetMappingsRequest request = new GetMappingsRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        request.types("_doc");
        GetMappingsResponse response = client.indices().getMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }


}

添加索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 添加索引映射字段
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void addMapping() throws IOException {
        PutMappingRequest request = new PutMappingRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");

        //添加字段
        Map< String, Object > properties = new HashMap();
        properties.put("accountName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword"));
        Map< String, Object > mapping = new HashMap<  >();
        mapping.put("properties", properties);
        request.source(mapping);
        PutMappingResponse response = client.indices().putMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }


}

2.5、文檔管理

所謂文檔，就是向索引里面添加數(shù)據(jù)，方便進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)查詢(xún)，詳細(xì)操作內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)看下文！

添加文檔

public class UserDocument {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Integer age;
    private String city;
    private Date createTime;

    //省略get、set...
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 添加文檔
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void addDocument() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
        UserDocument user = new UserDocument();
        user.setId("1");
        user.setName("里斯");
        user.setCity("武漢");
        user.setSex("男");
        user.setAge(20);
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());

        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("1");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
        // 存入對(duì)象
        request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}

更新文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 更新文檔（按需修改）
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void updateDocument() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
        UserDocument user = new UserDocument();
        user.setId("2");
        user.setName("程咬金");
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());
        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("2");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
        // 存入對(duì)象
        request.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        UpdateResponse response = client.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }


}

刪除文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 刪除文檔
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteDocument() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("1");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        DeleteResponse response = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }


}

查詢(xún)文檔是不是存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 查詢(xún)文檔是不是存在
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void exists() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("3");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        boolean response = client.exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response);
    }
}

通過(guò) ID 查詢(xún)指定文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 通過(guò)ID，查詢(xún)指定文檔
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getById() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("1");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        GetResponse response = client.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}

批量添加文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 批量添加文檔
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void batchAddDocument() throws IOException {
        // 批量請(qǐng)求
        BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();
        bulkRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(10));
        // 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
        List< UserDocument > userArrayList = new ArrayList<  >();
        userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("張三", "男", 30, "武漢"));
        userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("里斯", "女", 31, "北京"));
        userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("王五", "男", 32, "武漢"));
        userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("趙六", "女", 33, "長(zhǎng)沙"));
        userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("七七", "男", 34, "武漢"));
        // 添加請(qǐng)求
        for (int i = 0; i < userArrayList.size(); i++) {
            userArrayList.get(i).setId(String.valueOf(i));
            IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest();
            // 外層參數(shù)
            indexRequest.id(String.valueOf(i));
            indexRequest.index("cs_index");
            indexRequest.type("_doc");
            indexRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
            indexRequest.source(JSON.toJSONString(userArrayList.get(i)), XContentType.JSON);
            bulkRequest.add(indexRequest);
        }
        // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
        BulkResponse response = client.bulk(bulkRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.status());
    }

}

三、小結(jié)

本文主要圍繞 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 接受數(shù)據(jù)的插入和搜索使用技巧，在實(shí)際的使用過(guò)程中，版本號(hào)尤其的重要，不同版本的 es，對(duì)應(yīng)的 api 是不一樣的。

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