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20.1實驗內容

通過本實驗主要學習以下內容：

SPI通信協議，參考19.2.1東方紅開發板使用手冊
GD32F303 SPI操作方式，參考19.2.2東方紅開發板使用手冊
NAND FLASH基本原理
SPI NAND介紹
使用GD32F303 SPI接口實現對GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY的讀寫操作

20.2實驗原理

20.2.1NAND FLASH基本原理

NAND Flash和NOR Flash都是兩種非易失性存儲器，其讀寫速度、讀寫方式，存儲區結構、成本、容量、擦寫壽命都有很大區別。NAND在壽命、速度、讀寫方式上都不如NOR，但在成本和容量上有很大區別，故而決定了大容量數據存儲是NAND的主要應用領域，而快速啟動、快速數據讀取等場景是NOR的主要應用領域。而SPI是目前NAND和NOR的主要通信接口形式，降低了器件體積，標準化了器件接口。

NAND Flash結構示例

如上圖所示，以GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY為例，一個1Gb的存儲結構下是由1024個block組成，每個block又64page組成，每個page是2K Main Area+Spare Area(ECC ON:64B;ECC OFF:128B)組成。

NAND的擦除單位是blocks，寫入單位是page，所以尋址的方式上和nor是有本質區別的，需要按blocks、page、page字節偏移地址進行一個數據的尋址。

20.2.2SPI NAND介紹

SPI NAND簡化了NAND的接口設計和尺寸，SPI接口更是降低了主控對接口的要求，同時內置ECC。下圖是GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY的命令表，常用的命令為擦除、編程、讀取命令。

block擦除命令

編程
編程流程

先用數據緩存寫入指令將數據寫入緩沖區
然后發送寫使能命令，并確認寫使能成功
然后發送數據載入命令執行緩沖區數據到FLASH的寫
最后查詢讀寄存器確認P_FAIL是否有錯，OIP是否完成

注意(84h/C4h/34h) 和(FFh)指令是不會清除緩存中的內容的，所以下次編程時要注意是否緩存區都是需要更新的數據，所以必須是一次更新整個緩沖區，不要部分更新。

編程page地址按照塊的順序

數據緩存寫入命令

數據載入命令

讀取
讀取流程

讀需要先通過讀cache命令從FLASH中讀出數據到緩存中
然后通過讀cache指令從緩沖區中開始讀出數據

讀到2048+128后繞回從0開始繼續。

20.3硬件設計

紅楓派開發板SPI——NAND FLASH的硬件設計如下：

從圖中可以看出，本實驗使用的是普通單線SPI，GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY的片選由GD32F303ZET6的PG13控制（因PG14不是SPI的NSS管腳，所以本實驗用主機NSS軟件模式,，通過普通IO控制片選），GD25Q32ESIGR的SO、SI和SCLK分別和GD32F303ZET6的PB4（SPI2_MISO）、PB5（SPI2_MOSI）以及PB3（SPI2_CLK）相連。

20.4代碼解析

20.4.1SPI初始化和讀寫BYTE函數實現

SPI初始化配置流程可參考19.4.1東方紅開發板使用手冊；

SPI讀寫BYTE函數實現可參考19.4.2東方紅開發板使用手冊；

20.4.2SPI NAND FLASH BSP驅動層實現

操作NAND FLASH的函數都定義在bsp層文件bsp_spi_nand.c中，這個文件中定義的函數都是針對NAND FLASH命令來實現的，我們選取幾個函數進行介紹。

NOR FLASH按block擦除函數bsp_nandflash_block_erase，輸入block號即可擦除；該函數流程是：使能NAND FLASH的寫功能->向NOR FLASH發送block擦除指令0xD8->發送左移6位的Block NO->查詢OIP標志等待完成

C
/*!
\brief erase the nandflash blcok
\param[in] block_No:the serial number of erase block
\param[out] none
\retval SPI_NAND_FAIL: erase the nandflash block fail
\retval SPI_NAND_SUCCESS: erase the nandflash block success
*/
uint8_t bsp_spi_nandflash_block_erase(uint32_t block_No)
{
uint8_t result = SPI_NAND_SUCCESS;

block_No<<=6; ?????? //block_No=block_No*64
bsp_spi_nandflash_write_enable();
/* select the flash: chip select low */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();
/* send "ERASE BLOCK" command */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_BLOCK_ERASE);
/* send the address of memory */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(block_No>>16)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(block_No>>8)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,block_No&0xFF);
/* deselect the flash: chip select high */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();
while(bsp_spi_nandflash_get_status_flag(OIP)==SPI_NAND_BUSY);
/* check program result */

return result;
}

NOR FLASH按page寫入函數bsp_nandflash_page_program，輸入待寫入數據指針、block號、page號；該函數流程是：
寫緩沖區，實現流程：向NOR FLASH發送寫緩沖區指令0x02->發送寫入的page偏移地址->發送待寫入數據
載入數據到page，實現流程：使能NAND FLASH的寫功能->發送載入命令0x10->發送寫入的page號
查詢OIP標志等待完成

C
/*!
\brief send the program load command,write data to cache
\param[in] buffer: the data of array
\param[in] address_in_page: the address in nandflash page
\param[in] byte_cnt: the number of data
\param[out] none
\retval none
*/
void bsp_spi_nandflash_program_load(uint8_t *buffer,uint16_t address_in_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)
{
uint32_t i=0;

/* select the flash: chip select low */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();
#ifdef SPI_NANDFLASH
/* send "PAGE READ" command */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_PAGE_LOAD);
/* send the serial number of page */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(address_in_page>>8)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,address_in_page&0xFF);
#endif

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */

for(i=0;i driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,*buffer++);
}
//printf("cache program %x %x\n\r",m32record[0],m32record[1]);

bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();
qspi_disable(BOARD_SPI.spi_x);
}

/*!
\brief send the program excute command
\param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page
\param[out] none
\retval none
*/
void bsp_spi_nandflash_program_execute(uint32_t page_No)
{
/* enable the write access to the flash */
bsp_spi_nandflash_write_enable();
/* select the flash: chip select low */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();
/* send "PAGE READ" command */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_PROGRAM_EXEC);
/* send the serial number of page */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>16)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>8)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,page_No&0xFF);
/* deselect the flash: chip select high */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();
}

/*!
\brief write the data to nandflash
\param[in] *buffer:the data of array
\param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page
\param[in] address_in_page: the address of nandflash page
\param[in] byte_cnt:the number of data
\param[out] none
\retval SPI_NAND_FAIL,SPI_NAND_SUCCESS
*/
uint8_t spi_nandflash_write_data(uint8_t *buffer,uint32_t page_No,uint16_t address_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)
{

/*sned the program load command,write data to cache*/
bsp_spi_nandflash_program_load(buffer, address_page, byte_cnt);
/*sned the program excute command*/
bsp_spi_nandflash_program_execute(page_No);
/* Check program result */
while(bsp_spi_nandflash_get_status_flag(OIP)==SPI_NAND_BUSY);

#ifdef WRITE_PAGE_VERIFY_EN
spi_nandflash_read_data (tem_buffer,page_No, address_page, byte_cnt);
if (memcmp(tem_buffer, buffer, byte_cnt) != 0){
return SUCCESS;
}
#endif
return 1;

}

NOR FLASH按page讀取函數spi_nandflash_read_data，輸入讀取數據指針、page號、page內地址偏移、讀取長度；該函數流程是：
讀page到緩沖區，實現流程：向NOR FLASH發送寫緩沖區指令0x13->送要讀取的page號
等待OIP標志（NAND讀取page到緩沖區完成）
從緩沖區讀取數據，實現流程：發送讀cache命令0x03->發送要讀取的page地址偏移->讀取所需長度的數據
查詢是否有ecc錯誤

C
/*!
\brief send the read page command
\param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page
\param[out] none
\retval none
*/
void bsp_spi_nandflash_page_read(uint32_t page_No)
{
/* select the flash: chip select low */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();
/* send "PAGE READ" command */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_PAGE_READ);
/* send the serial number of page */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>16)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>8)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,page_No&0xFF);
/* deselect the flash: chip select high */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();
}

/*!
\brief send the read cache command
\param[in] buffer: a pointer to the array
\param[in] address_in_page: the address in nandflash page
\param[in] byte_cnt: the number of data
\param[out] none
\retval none
*/
void bsp_spi_nandflash_read_cache(uint8_t *buffer,uint16_t address_in_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)
{
uint32_t i=0;

/* select the flash: chip select low */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();
#ifdef SPI_NANDFLASH
/* send "PAGE READ" command */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_READ_CACHE);
//driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,DUMMY_BYTE);//Q4UC ++ Q5 --
/* send the address of page */
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(address_in_page>>8)&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,address_in_page&0xFF);
driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,DUMMY_BYTE);//Q4UC -- Q5 ++

#endif

for(i=0;i *buffer++=driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,DUMMY_BYTE);
}

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */
bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();
qspi_disable(BOARD_SPI.spi_x);
}

/*!
\brief read the data from nandflash
\param[in] *buffer:the data of array
\param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page
\param[in] address_in_page: the address in nandflash page
\param[in] byte_cnt:the number of data
\param[out] none
\retval SPI_NAND_FAIL,SPI_NAND_SUCCESS
*/
uint8_t spi_nandflash_read_data(uint8_t *buffer,uint32_t page_No,uint32_t address_in_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)
{
uint8_t result = SPI_NAND_SUCCESS;
uint8_t status = 0;
uint8_t retrycnt = 0;

/* the capacity of page must be equal or greater than the taotal of address_in_page and byte_cnt */
if((address_in_page+byte_cnt)>SPI_NAND_PAGE_TOTAL_SIZE){
return SPI_NAND_FAIL;
}
ReadRetry:
/* send the read page command */
bsp_spi_nandflash_page_read(page_No);
/* wait for NANDFLASH is ready */
while(bsp_spi_nandflash_get_status_flag(OIP)==SPI_NAND_BUSY);
/* read data from cache */
bsp_spi_nandflash_read_cache(buffer, address_in_page, byte_cnt);

bsp_spi_nandflash_get_feature( STATUS, &status );
if(( (status & ECCS0) == 0 )&&( (status & ECCS1) == ECCS1 )){ //UECC
if(retrycnt < 3)
{
retrycnt++;

printf("\rReadretry:%x %x\n",retrycnt,page_No);

goto ReadRetry;
}
else
{
printf("\rRead Fail %x\n",page_No);
}
}
return result;
}

20.4.3main函數實現

main函數中實現了擦除一個block，并對該block中的page進行寫入操作，然后讀取后進行數據對比校驗的功能。

C
/*!
* 說明 main函數
* 輸入無
* 輸出無
* 返回值無
*/
int main(void)
{

//延時、共用驅動部分初始化
driver_init();

//初始化LED組和默認狀態
bsp_led_group_init();
bsp_led_on(&LED0);
bsp_led_off(&LED1);

//初始化UART打印
bsp_uart_init(&BOARD_UART);

//初始化SPI
bsp_spi_init(&BOARD_SPI);

//初始化SPI NAND
bsp_spi_nand_init();

printf("\n\rS PI NAND:GD5F1G configured...\n\r");

//讀取flash id
flash_id=bsp_spi_nandflash_read_id();
printf("\n\rThe NAND_ID:0x%X\n\r",flash_id);

//比對flash id是否一致
if(NAND_ID != flash_id)
{
printf("\n\r\n\rWrite to tx_buffer:\n\r\n\r");

//準備數據
for(uint16_t i = 0; i < BUFFER_SIZE; i ++){
tx_buffer[i] = i;
printf("0x%02X ",tx_buffer[i]);

if(15 == i%16)
printf("\n\r");
}

printf("\n\r\n\rRead from rx_buffer:\n\r");

//擦除要寫入的block
bsp_nandflash_block_erase(0);
//寫入數據
bsp_nandflash_page_program((uint8_t*)tx_buffer,0,0,0);

//回讀寫入數據
bsp_nandflash_page_read(rx_buffer,0,0);

/* printf rx_buffer value */
for(uint16_t i = 0; i <= 255; i ++){
printf("0x%02X ", rx_buffer[i]);
if(15 == i%16)
printf("\n\r");
}

//比較回讀和寫入數據
if(ERROR == memory_compare(tx_buffer,rx_buffer,BUFFER_SIZE)){
printf("Err:Data Read and Write aren't Matching.\n\r");
/* spi flash read id fail */
printf("\n\rSPI nand: Read ID Fail!\n\r");

//寫入錯誤
/* turn off all leds */
bsp_led_on(&LED0);
/* turn off all leds */
bsp_led_on(&LED1);
while(1);
}else{
printf("\n\rSPI-GD5F1G Test Passed!\n\r");
}
}else{ //ID讀取錯誤
/* spi flash read id fail */
printf("\n\rSPI Nand:Read ID Fail!\n\r");
/* turn off all leds */
bsp_led_on(&LED0);
/* turn off all leds */
bsp_led_on(&LED1);
while(1);
}

while(1){
/* turn off all leds */
bsp_led_toggle(&LED0);
/* turn off all leds */
bsp_led_toggle(&LED1);
delay_ms(200);
}
}

20.5實驗結果

nand讀取到正確ID后開始擦寫讀流程，如果ID讀取錯誤或者數據比對不通過點亮LED0，熄滅LED1，如果比對通過則交替閃爍LED0和LED1，通過USB轉串口可以看到打印結果。