android開(kāi)發(fā)是指android平臺(tái)上應(yīng)用的制作,Android早期由“Android之父”之稱(chēng)的Andy Rubin創(chuàng)辦,Google于2005年并購(gòu)了成立僅22個(gè)月的高科技企業(yè)Android,展開(kāi)了短信、手機(jī)檢索、定位等業(yè)務(wù),基于Linux的通用平臺(tái)進(jìn)入了開(kāi)發(fā)。
軟件開(kāi)發(fā)需要掌握的知識(shí)體系有:Unix/Linux平臺(tái)技術(shù)、企業(yè)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)、Java 語(yǔ)言核心技術(shù)、軟件工程和設(shè)計(jì)模式、Android應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)基礎(chǔ)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)核心技術(shù)、Android系統(tǒng)級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)、JavaEE核心技術(shù)。
Java語(yǔ)言
在國(guó)內(nèi)手機(jī)市場(chǎng)當(dāng)中,Android操作系統(tǒng)占據(jù)了市場(chǎng)份額,是毋庸置疑的王者。為市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)非常強(qiáng)勁的需求,在招聘類(lèi)網(wǎng)站上,Android開(kāi)發(fā)工程師無(wú)疑是可熱的職位。而開(kāi)發(fā)愛(ài)好者想進(jìn)入,面臨的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是如何掌握J(rèn)ava語(yǔ)言。
Java編程語(yǔ)言在市面上流行的語(yǔ)言當(dāng)中,屬于語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單的一種,但包含的面向?qū)ο笏枷氩┐缶睿屓祟^痛。
硬件抽像層
Android 的 HAL(硬件抽像層)是能以封閉源碼形式提供硬件驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊。HAL 的目的是為了把 Android framework 與 Linux kernel 隔開(kāi),讓 Android 不至過(guò)度依賴(lài) Linux kernel,以達(dá)成 kernel independent 的概念,也讓 Android framework 的開(kāi)發(fā)能在不考量驅(qū)動(dòng)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)的前提下進(jìn)行發(fā)展。
HAL stub 是一種代理人(proxy)的概念,stub 是以 *.so 檔的形式存在。Stub 向 HAL“提供”操作函數(shù)(operations),并由 Android runtime 向 HAL 取得 stub 的 operations,再 callback 這些操作函數(shù)。HAL 里包含了許多的 stub(代理人)。Runtime 只要說(shuō)明“類(lèi)型”,即 module ID,就可以取得操作函數(shù)。
編程語(yǔ)言
Android 是運(yùn)行于 Linux kernel之上,但并不是GNU/Linux。因?yàn)樵谝话鉍NU/Linux 里支持的功能,Android 大都沒(méi)有支持,包括Cairo、X11、Alsa、FFmpeg、GTK、Pango及Glibc等都被移除掉了。Android又以bionic 取代Glibc、以Skia 取代Cairo、再以opencore 取代FFmpeg 等等。Android 為了達(dá)到商業(yè)應(yīng)用,必須移除被GNU GPL授權(quán)證所約束的部份,例如Android將驅(qū)動(dòng)程序移到 userspace,使得Linux driver 與 Linux kernel徹底分開(kāi)。bionic/libc/kernel/ 并非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的kernel header files。Android 的 kernel header 是利用工具由 Linux kernel header 所產(chǎn)生的,這樣做是為了保留常數(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與宏。
目前Android 的 Linux kernel控制包括安全(Security),存儲(chǔ)器管理(Memory Managemeat),程序管理(Process Management),網(wǎng)絡(luò)堆棧(Network Stack),驅(qū)動(dòng)程序模型(Driver Model)等。下載Android源碼之前,先要安裝其構(gòu)建工具Repo來(lái)初始化源碼。Repo 是 Android 用來(lái)輔助Git工作的一個(gè)工具。
安卓開(kāi)發(fā)常用詞匯
單詞 音標(biāo) 注釋
a collection of… 一組…
a couple of… 幾個(gè)
a kind of 一種
a number of… 許多…
a point in time n.時(shí)間點(diǎn)
a set of… 一組…
a series of 一系列
ability [?‘b?l?t?] n.能力
absence [??bs?ns] n.缺席,不存在
absolute [??bs?lu:t] adj.絕對(duì)的
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abstract [??bstr?kt] adj.抽象的
abstraction [?b?str?k?n] n.抽象
access [??kses] v.訪問(wèn)
accessed adj.訪問(wèn)的
accessible [?k?ses?bl] adj.可訪問(wèn)的
accessor [??kses?] n.訪問(wèn)
accidental [??ks??dentl] adj.意外的
accommodate [?’k?m?de?t] v.容納,適應(yīng)
accompany [?‘k?mp?n?] v.陪同
accomplish [?’k?mpl??] v.完成
accordion [??k?:di?n] adj.可折疊的
account [?‘ka?nt]
accountable [??ka?nt?bl] adj.負(fù)有責(zé)任的
accumulate [?‘kju:mj?le?t] v.累積
accurate [??kj?r?t] adj.精確的
act as… v.充當(dāng)…
action [??k??n] n.操作
activation [??kt?’ve??n] n.激活
active [??kt?v] adj.活躍的
actively [‘?kt?vl?] adv.主動(dòng)地
actual [??kt?u?l] adj.真實(shí)的
actually [??kt?u?li] adv.實(shí)際上
across… 在…間
adaptation [??d?p’te??n] n.改編
adapter [??d?pt?] n.適配器
add [?d] v.增加
adequate [??d?kw?t] adj.足夠的
addition [??d??n] n.加
additional [?‘d???nl] adj.附加的
address [??dres] n.地址
adjacent [??d?e?snt] adj.鄰近的
adjust [?’d??st] v.調(diào)整
advance [?d‘vɑ:ns] v.提前,向前一步
advance..past.。 將…移至…后
advise [?d’va?z] v.建議
affect [?‘fekt] v.影響
ahead [??hed] adv.預(yù)先
alert [?’l?:t] v.警示
alias [?e?li?s] n.別名
align [??la?n] v.對(duì)齊
algorithm [‘?lɡ?r?e?m] n.算法
allocate [’?l?ke?t] v.分配
allocation [??l??ke??n] n.分配
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alow v.支持
allowable [??la??bl] adj.允許的
alone [??l?un] adj.單獨(dú)的
along with… 以及…
alphabetical [??lf??bet?kl] adj.字母的
alphanumeric [??lf?nju:?mer?k] adj.字母數(shù)字式的
already [?:l?red?] adv.已經(jīng)
alter [‘?:lt?] v.更改
alternate [’?:lt?:n?t] v.交替
alternative [?:l?t?:n?t?v] n.選擇
ambiguity [??mb?‘ɡju:?t?] n.含糊
ambiguous [?m?b?gju?s] adj.含糊的
among [??m??] prep.在…中
amongst [?’m??st] prep.在…之內(nèi)
amortized [‘?m?:ta?zd] adj.分期的
amount [?’ma?nt] n.數(shù)量
analysis [??n?l?s?s] n.分析
ancestor [‘?nsest?] n.祖先
anchor [’??k?] n.錨
angel [‘e?nd?l] n.天使
animate [’?n?me?t] adj.生氣勃勃的
annotated [‘?n?te?t?d] adj.注解的
annotation [??n?u?te???n] n.注解 @…
anonymous [??n?n?m?s] adj.匿名的
ant [?nt] n.螞蟻
appearance [??p??r?ns] n.外表
append [??pend] v.追加
applicable [??pl?k?bl] adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
application [??pl??ke??n] n.應(yīng)用
application-specific adj.應(yīng)用程序特定的
apply [?‘pla?] v.應(yīng)用
apply to… 適用于…
appropriate [?’pr??pr??t] adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
appropriately []
approximate [?‘pr?ks?m?t] adj.近似的
approximately [??pr?ks?m?tli] adv.近似
approximation [??pr?ks??me??n] n.近似值
arbitrary [?ɑ:bitr?ri] adj.任意的
architecture [?ɑ:k?tekt??] n.架構(gòu)
archive [’ɑ:ka?v] n.檔案
area [?ε?r??] n.面積;范圍;區(qū)域
argument [?a:gjum?nt] n.參數(shù)
arise [?‘ra?z] v.產(chǎn)生
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arithmetic [??r?θm?t?k] n.算術(shù)
around [?‘ra?nd] v.根據(jù)
prep.在…周?chē)?/p>
arrange [?’re?nd?] v.安排
array [??re?] n.數(shù)組
as a result of… 由于
as by… 如通過(guò)…
as follows 如下所示
as if… 正如
as long as.。。 只要… as of… 從…開(kāi)始
as necessary 根據(jù)需要 as soon as… 一旦 as to… 關(guān)于…
as with… 和…一樣
ascend [?‘send] v.上升
ascending [?’send??] adj.上升的
as for… 類(lèi)似于…
as much as 差不多
as necessary 根據(jù)需要
as well as 以及
aspect [??spekt] n.方面
assertion [??s???n] n.斷言
assign [??sa?n] v.分配
assigned [?‘sa?nd] adj.指定的
assign…to… 將…分配給…
assignment [?’sa?nm?nt] n.賦值
assist [?‘s?st] v.幫助
associate [??s?u?ieit] v.關(guān)聯(lián)
associated [??s???ie?t?d] adj.相關(guān)的
associated with… 與…相關(guān)
association [??s????’e??n] n.關(guān)聯(lián)
assume [??sju:m] v.認(rèn)為,假定
assure [?‘???] v.確定
asynchronous [e??s??kr?n?s] adj.異步的
as large as 等于
at least 至少
at most 至多
at once adv.同時(shí)
at the same time 同一時(shí)間
athlete [??θli:t]
atomic [?’t?m?k] adj.原子的
atomically [?‘t?m?kl?] adv.不可分地
attach []
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attachment [??t?t?m?nt] n.附件
attempt [??tempt] v.嘗試
attempt to… v.嘗試…
attribute [??tr?bju:t] n.屬性
auditing [‘?:d?t??] n.審計(jì)
authentication [?:?θent?’ke??n] n.身份驗(yàn)證
author [??:θ?] n.作者
authorize [??:θ?ra?z] v.授權(quán)
authorized [??:θ?ra?zd] adj.經(jīng)授權(quán)的
autoboxing n.自動(dòng)裝箱
automatic [??:t?‘m?t?k] adj.自動(dòng)的
automatically [??:t??m?t?k?l?] adv.自動(dòng)地
available [??ve?l?bl] adj.可用的
avoid [??v??d] v.避免
awaken [?’we?k?n] v.喚醒
awakened adj.已喚醒的
aware [??w??] adj.意識(shí)到的
back [b?k] v.后退,支持
backend n.后端
background [?b?kgraund] n.背景
backing [?b?k??] adj.底層的
backslash [?b?ksl??] n.反斜杠
backspace [?b?kspe?s] n.退格
backward [?b?kw?d] adv.向后
balance [?b?l?ns] v.(使)平衡
bar [bɑ:] n.欄
base [be?s] v.基于
basic [‘be?s?k] adj.基本的
beautification [?bju:t?f?’ke???n] n.美化
begin with… 以…開(kāi)頭
beginning [b??g?n??] n.頭部
behavior [b?‘he?vj?] n.行為
best-effort basis 盡最大努力原則
batch [b?t?] n.一批
be all about… 是關(guān)于…
be aware to… 意識(shí)到…
be of… 屬于…
be subject to… 服從…
be taken to 被用于
be up to 取決于
bean [b?:n] n.豆
behalf [bi?hɑ:f]
behave [b??he?v] v.表現(xiàn)
6
benefit from… [?ben?f?t] 受益于…
beyond [b?‘j?nd] prep.超出
beyond the fact that… 跨過(guò)這個(gè)事實(shí)就是…
bidirectional [?ba?d??rek??nl] adj.雙向的
binary [?ba?n?r?] adj.二進(jìn)制的
bind [ba?nd] v.捆綁
bind…to… 將…綁定到…上
blank [bl??k] adj.空白的 n.空白
blank space [bl??k speis] n.空格
block [bl?k] n.塊 v.阻塞
block statement n.塊語(yǔ)句
bold [b?uld] n.粗體 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)
b bomb [b?m] v.轟炸
bone [b??n] n.骨頭
boolean [?bu:l??n] n.布爾
bootstrap [’bu:tstr?p] n.引導(dǎo)
border [?b?:d?] n.邊框
bound [ba?nd] n.界限 v.綁定
bound with… 與…綁定的
boundary [‘ba?ndr?] n.邊界
brackets [br?k?ts] n.括號(hào)
brand [br?nd] n.品牌
break [bre?k] n.中斷 縮寫(xiě) br 表示換行
break…into.。 將…分解為…
break up v.
bridge [br?d?] n.橋梁
broker [?br??k?] n.代理
browse [bra?z] v.瀏覽
browser [’bra?z?] n.瀏覽器
bubble [‘b?bl] n.冒泡
bucket [’b?k?t] n.桶
buffer [?b?f?] n.緩沖區(qū) v.緩沖
buffered adj.緩沖的
buffering [‘b?f?r??] n.緩沖
bug [b?ɡ] n.錯(cuò)誤
build [b?ld] v.生成
builder [?b?ld?] n.生成器
built-in adj.內(nèi)置的
button [?b?tn] n.按鈕
by default 默認(rèn)情況下
by first 首先
bypass [] v.繞過(guò)
byte [ba?t] n.字節(jié)
7
cache [k??] n.緩存
calculate [’k?lkj?le?t] v.計(jì)算
call [k?:l] v.調(diào)用
callback [?k?:lb?k] n.回調(diào)
caller [?k?:l?] n.調(diào)用者
call stack [k?:l st?k] n.調(diào)用棧
cancel [?k?nsl] v.取消
canonical [k??n?n?kl] adj.規(guī)范的
capability [?ke?p?‘b?l?t?] n.功能
capable [?ke?p?bl]adj.能干的
be capable of v.能夠, 有…能力
capacity [k?’p?s?t?] n.容量
capture []
captured adj.已捕獲的
carriage return n.回車(chē)
cascade [k?‘ske?d] n.級(jí)聯(lián)
cascade to… 與…級(jí)聯(lián)
case [ke?s] n.情形,大小寫(xiě)
cast [kɑ:st] n.強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換
cause [k?:z] v.導(dǎo)致
caution [’k?:?n] n.謹(jǐn)慎
ceil [si:l] v.向上取整
center [?sent?] n.圓心
certificate [] n.證書(shū)
change [t?e?nd?] v.更改
chain [t?e?n] n.鏈
chapter [?t??pt?] n.章
char [t?ɑ:] n.字符(character 的縮寫(xiě))
charset n.字符集(character set 的縮寫(xiě))
checkbox [?t?ekb?ks] n.復(fù)選框
checked [t?ekt] adj.已檢查過(guò)的
chick [t??k] n.小雞
choose [t?u:z] v.選擇
chore [t??:] n.雜務(wù)
chunk [t???k] n.塊
chunked encoding 塊編碼
circle [?s?:kl] n.圓
circumference [s??k?mf?r?ns] n.周長(zhǎng)
circumstance [?s?:k?mst?ns] n.情況
class [klɑ:s] n.類(lèi)
class body n.類(lèi)體
clean up… v.清理
cleanly [?klenli:] adj.利落的
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clear [kl??] v.清除
clearly [?kl??l?] adv.明確地
client [?kla??nt] n.客戶端
clone [kl?un] v.克隆
close [kl?uz]
v.關(guān)閉 adj.緊密的
close to… 與…接近的
closed [kl??zd] adj.已關(guān)閉的
closest [k‘l??s?st] adj.最接近的
closing [?kl?uzi?] n.關(guān)閉
clause [kl?:z] n.子句
cock [k?k] n.公雞
code [k?ud] n.代碼
coerce [k??’?:s] v.強(qiáng)制
coercion [k??‘?:?n] n.強(qiáng)制
collapse [k?’l?ps] v.折疊
collection [k??lek?n] n.回收,集合
collectively [k?‘lekt?vl?] adv.統(tǒng)一地
collision [k??l??n] n.沖突
colon [’k??l?n] n.冒號(hào)
color [?k?l?] n.顏色
column [?k?l?m] n.列
comma [‘k?m?] n.逗號(hào)
command [k??mɑ:nd] n.命令
comment [?k?ment] n.注釋 //……
commit [k?’m?t] v.提交
common [?k?m?n] adj.公共的
commonly [?k?m?nli] adv.通常
communicate [k?‘mju:n?ke?t] v.溝通
communication [k??mju:n?’ke??n] n.通信
compact [‘k?mp?kt] adj.緊湊的
companion [k?m?p?ni?n] n.同伴
comparable [?k?mp?r?bl] adj.可比較的
comparator [’k?mp?re?t?] n.比較器
compare [k?m‘pe?] v.比較
compare 。。.against 與…比較
compare…to… 將…與…比較
comparison [k?m?p?r?sn] n.比較
compatibility [k?m?p?t?’b?l?t?] n.兼容性
compatible [k?m‘p?t?bl] adj.兼容的
compatible with.。。 與…兼容
compete [k?m’pi:t] v.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
compilation [?k?mp??le??n] n.編譯
compile [k?m?pa?l] v.編譯
9
compiled [k?m‘pa?ld] adj.編譯的
compiler [k?m’pa?l?] n.編譯器
complete [k?m?pli:t] v.完成 adj.完整的
completed [k?m‘pli:t?d] adj.完成的
completely [k?m?pli:tli] adv.徹底
completion [k?m?pli:?n] n.完成
complexity [k?m‘pleks?t?] n.復(fù)雜度
compliance [k?m?pla??ns] n.承諾
comply [k?m’pla?] v.遵從
component [k?m?p??n?nt] n.元素,組件
compose [k?m?p??z] v.包含
compound [?k?mpaund] adj.混合的
compression [k?m‘pre?n] n.壓縮
compromised adj.不安全的
compute [k?m’pju:t] v.計(jì)算
concatenate [k?n‘k?t?ne?t] v.連接
concatenation [k?n?k?t??ne??n] n.連接
concept [’k?nsept] n.概念
concerning [k?n?s?:n??] prep.關(guān)于
concise [k?n?sa?s] adj.簡(jiǎn)潔的
concrete [‘k??kri:t] adj.具體的 v.使凝固
concurrent [k?n’k?r?nt] adj.并發(fā)的
concurrently [k?n‘k?r?ntl?] adv.同時(shí)地
condition [k?n?d??n] n.條件
conditional [k?n?d???nl] adj.有條件的
configure [k?n?f?g?] v.配置 縮寫(xiě)
config configuration [k?n?f?g??re??n] n.配置
confirm [k?n?f?:m] v.確認(rèn)
confirmation [?k?nf??me??n] n.確認(rèn)
conflict [?k?nfl?kt] n.沖突
conform [k?n’f?:m] v.遵守
confuse [k?n‘fju:z] v.混淆
connect [k?’nekt] v.連接
connection [k??nek?n] n.連接
connection with… 與…的連接
connection to… 到…的連接
consecutive [k?n?sekj?t?v] adj.連續(xù)的
consider [k?n‘s?d?] v.認(rèn)為,考慮
consideration [k?n?s?d??re??n] n.考慮
consist of… [k?n?s?st] 由…組成
consistent [k?n?s?st?nt] adj.一致的
console [k?n?s??l] n.控制臺(tái)
constant [?k?nst?nt] n.常量 adj.固定的
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constitute [’k?nst?tju:t] v.構(gòu)成
constraint [k?n?stre?nt] n.約束
construct [k?n?str?kt] v.構(gòu)造 n.結(jié)構(gòu)
constructor [k?n?str?kt?] n.構(gòu)造方法
construe [k?n‘stru:] v.解釋
consult [k?n?s?lt] v.翻閱
contain [k?n?te?n] v.包含
contained [k?n’te?nd] adj.包含的
container [k?n?te?n?] n.容器
content [?k?ntent] n.內(nèi)容
contention [k?n?ten?n] n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
context [?k?ntekst] n.上下文
continue to… 不斷…
contract [‘k?ntr?kt] n.協(xié)議
contrary [’k?ntr?r?] adj.違反的
control [k?n?tr??l] v.控制
controller [k?n?tr??l?] n.控制器
connection [k??nek?n] n.關(guān)系
connectivity [?k?nek?t?v?ti] n.連接
convenience [k?n?vi:ni?ns] n.便捷
convenient [k?n?vi:ni?nt]
convention [k?n?ven?n] n.約定
conversion [k?n‘v?:?n] n.轉(zhuǎn)換
convert [k?n?v?:t] v.轉(zhuǎn)換
convert into…轉(zhuǎn)換為…
converter [k?n?v?:t?] n.轉(zhuǎn)換器
cookie [?k?ki] 一種客戶端存儲(chǔ)信息的技術(shù)
copy [?k?pi] v.復(fù)制
correct [k??rekt] adj.正確的
correctness [k?‘rektn?s] n.正確性
correspond [?k?ris?p?nd] v.符合
corresponding [?k?r??sp?nd??] adj.對(duì)應(yīng)的
correspond to 與……相關(guān),與…對(duì)應(yīng)
cost [k?st] n.開(kāi)銷(xiāo)
costly [’k?stl?] adj.高開(kāi)銷(xiāo)的
count [ka?nt] v.計(jì)數(shù) n.總數(shù)
counter [?ka?nt?] n.計(jì)數(shù)器 adj.相反的 v.反駁
counterpart [?ka?nt?pɑ:t] n.副本
course of action n.做法
coverage [?k?v?r?d?] n.覆蓋
create [kri?e?t] v.創(chuàng)造
credit [‘kred?t] n.信用
criteria [kra??t??r??] n.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
currency [’k?r?ns?] n.貨幣
11
current [?k?r?nt] adj.當(dāng)前的
currently [?k?r?ntli] adv.目前
cursor [?k?:s?] n.光標(biāo),指針
custom [?k?st?m] adj.自定義的
customize [‘k?st?ma?z] v.定制
customized adj.自定義的
cut [k?t] v.剪切
data [?de?t?] n.數(shù)據(jù)
database [?de?t?be?s] n.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
datasource n.數(shù)據(jù)源
date [de?t] n.日期
datum [?de?t?m] n.數(shù)據(jù)
de facto [?de? ?f?kt??] adj.實(shí)際上的
debug [?di:?b?g] v.調(diào)試
debugger [?di:?b?g?] n.調(diào)試器
debugging [di?‘b?ɡ??] n.調(diào)試
decay [d??ke?] v.衰減
decimal [?des?ml] n.小數(shù) n.十進(jìn)制
decision [d??s??n] n.決定
declaration [?dekl??re??n] n.聲明
declare [di?kl??] v.聲明
declared [d??kle?d] adj.聲明的
decode [?di:’k??d] v.解碼
decoration [?dek??re??n] n.裝飾
decrease [d?‘kri:s] v.減少
deem [di:m] v.認(rèn)為
deep [di:p] adj.深的
default [d??f?:lt] n.默認(rèn)
defaults n.默認(rèn)值
defer [d?’f?:] v.推遲
define [d??fa?n]
v.定義 define up to…至多可定 義…
defined [d?‘fa?nd] adj.定義的
defining [d?’fa?n??] n.定義
definition [?def??n??n] n.定義
delegate [‘del?ɡ?t] v.代理
delegation [?del??ge??n] n.代理
delete [d??li:t] v.刪除 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)
del deletion [d?’li:?n] n.刪除
delimit [di?l?m?t] v.分隔
delimiter [di:?limit?] n.分隔符
delimiting n.定界
demo [‘dem??] n.演示
12
denote [d?’n??t] v.表示
deny [d?‘na?] v.拒絕
depend [d??pend] v.依賴(lài)
depend on… v.取決于…
dependency [d??pend?nsi] n.依賴(lài)
dependent [d??pend?nt] adj.依賴(lài)的
deployment [d?’pl??m?nt] n.部署
depth [depθ] n.深度
deprecate [‘depr?ke?t] v.不推薦
deprecated adj.不推薦的 derive [d?’ra?v] v.導(dǎo)出
descendant [d??send?nt] n.后代
description [d??skr?p?n] n.描述 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)
descrpt descriptor [d??skr?pt?] n.描述符
designate [‘dez?ɡne?t] v.表示
designated [’dez?ɡne?t?d] adj.指定的
desire [d?‘za??] v.需要
desired [d?’za??d] adj.所需的
destination [?dest??ne??n] n.目標(biāo) 縮寫(xiě)
dest destroy [d?‘str??] v.銷(xiāo)毀
destructive [d?’str?kt?v] adj.破壞性的
detached [d??t?t?t] adj.分離的
detail [?di:te?l] n.細(xì)節(jié)
detect [d??tekt] v.檢測(cè)
determine [d?‘t?:m?n] v.判定
deterministic [d??t?:m?’n?st?k] adj.確定性的
detractor [k??mju:n?‘ke??n] n.詆毀者
develop [d??vel?p] v.開(kāi)發(fā)
developer [d??vel?p?] n.開(kāi)發(fā)者
development [d??vel?pm?nt] n.開(kāi)發(fā)
device [d??va?s] n.設(shè)備
dialect []
dialog [’da??l?g] n.對(duì)話
diameter [da???m?t?] n.直徑
dictionary [?d?k??nri] n.字典
difference [‘d?fr?ns] n.差數(shù)
digit [?d?d??t] n.位
dimension [da??men?n] n.尺寸,維
direct [d??rekt] adj.直接的 v.指導(dǎo)
directory [d??rekt?ri] n.目錄
disable [d?s’e?bl] v.禁用
disabled [d?s?e?bld] adj.禁用的
disadvantage [?d?s?d‘vɑ:nt?d?] n.劣勢(shì)
discard [d?s’kɑ:d] v.丟棄
13
disconnecting [‘d?sk?’nekt??] n.斷開(kāi)
discouraged [d?s‘k?r?d?d] adj.不推薦的
discount [’d?ska?nt] n.折扣
discover [d?‘sk?v?] v.確定
discretion [d??skre?n] n.決定
disk [d?sk] n.磁盤(pán)
disk drive 磁盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器
dispatch [d??sp?t?] v.分發(fā)
dispatching []
dispatcher [d??sp?t??] n.分發(fā)器
disperse [d?’sp?:s] v.分布
display [d??sple?] v.顯示
distinct [d??st??kt] adj.不同的
distinguish [d?‘st??ɡw??] v.區(qū)分
distributed [d?s’tr?bju:t?d] adj.分布式的
distribution [?d?str?‘bju:?n] n.分布
divide [d?’va?d] v.除以
division [d?‘v??n] n.除
document [?d?kjum?nt] n.文檔 v.記錄
documentation [?d?kjumen?te??n] n.文件
domain [d?’me?n] n.域名
double [d?bl] adj.兩倍的
doubly [?d?bli] adv.雙重地
downcasting [‘daunkɑ:st??] n.向下轉(zhuǎn)型
download [’da?nl??d] v.下載
due to… 由于
dump [d?mp] v.轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)
duplicate [‘dju:pl?k?t] adj.重復(fù)的
duration [dju?re??n] n.期間
duty [’dju:t?] n.任務(wù)
drag [dr?ɡ] v.拖動(dòng)
draw [dr?:] v.抽取
drive [dra?v] n.驅(qū)動(dòng)器
driver [?dra?v?] n.驅(qū)動(dòng)程序
driverManager 驅(qū)動(dòng)管理
drop-in [?dr?p??n] adj.簡(jiǎn)易的
dynamic [da??n?m?k] adj.動(dòng)態(tài)的
dynamical []
edit [?ed?t] v.編輯
effect [?‘fekt] n.效果
effectively [??fekt?vli] adv.有效地
efficiency [?’f??ns?] n.效率
efficient [??f??nt] adj.有效的
14
efficiently [?‘f??ntl?] adv.有效地
ejection [?’d?ek?n] n.彈出
elapse [?‘l?ps] n.消逝
element [?el?m?nt] n.元素
eliminate [?’l?m?ne?t] v.省去
ellipsis [??l?ps?s] n.省略
else [els] adv.否則
embed [?m?bed] v.嵌入
embedded [?m‘bed?d] adj.嵌入式的
emit [?’m?t] v.發(fā)布,發(fā)送
empty [?empti] adj.空的
enable [?‘ne?bl] v.啟用
encapsulate [?n?k?psjule?t] v.封裝
encapsulation [in?k?psju?lei??n] n.封裝
enclose [in?kl?uz] v.封閉
enclosing instance 封閉實(shí)例
enclosing type 封閉類(lèi)型
encode [en?k??d] v.編碼
encounter [?n?ka?nt?] v.遭遇
encryption [?n’kr?p?n] n.加密
endpoint [‘endp??t] n.端點(diǎn)
enforce [?n’f?:s] v.強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行
engine [‘end??n] n.引擎
enhance [?n’hɑ:ns] v.增強(qiáng)
ensure [in??u?] v.確保
enter [‘ent?] v.輸入
enterprise [?ent?pra?z] n.企業(yè)
entire [?n’ta??] adj.整個(gè)的
entity [?ent?ti] n.實(shí)體
entry [?entri] n.條目
enumerate [?‘nju:m?re?t] v.枚舉
enumeration [??nju:m??re???n] n.枚舉 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)
enum environment [?n?va?r?nm?nt] n.環(huán)境
equal [?i:kw?l] adj.相等的
equality [?’kw?l?t?] n.相等性
equal to.。。 與…相同
equate [?‘kwe?t] v.視…相等
equivalence [?’kw?v?l?ns] n.等價(jià)
equivalent [??kw?v?l?nt] adj.相等的
erasure [??re???] n.清除
erasure of… 清除…
error [?er?] n.錯(cuò)誤
escape [??ske?p] v.轉(zhuǎn)義
15
escaped [??ske?pt] adj.轉(zhuǎn)義的
essence [‘esns] n.本質(zhì)
in essense 本質(zhì)上
essential [?’sen?l] adj.必要的
essentially [??sen??li] adv.本質(zhì)上
establish [?‘st?bl??] v.建立
evaluate [?’v?lj?e?t] v.計(jì)算
evaluation [??v?lj??e???n] n.計(jì)算
even [?i:vn] n.偶數(shù)
exact [?g?z?kt] adj.精確的
exactly [?g?z?ktli] adv.恰好
examine [?ɡ‘z?m?n] v.檢查
excapeXML 不遵循 XML 格式
exceed [?k’si:d] v.超過(guò)
exclude [?k?sklu:d] v.不包括
excluding [?k?sklu:d??] prep.不包括
exclusive [?k‘sklu:s?v] adj.不包括的,獨(dú)立的
exclusively [?k’sklu:s?vl?] adj.專(zhuān)門(mén)地
exception [?k?sep?n] n.異常,例外
execute [?eks?kju:t] v.執(zhí)行
execution [?eks??kju:?n] n.執(zhí)行
exercise care 格外小心
exhaust [?ɡ‘z?:st] v.耗盡
exhaustive [?g?z?:st?v] adj.徹底的
exist [?g?z?st] v.存在
existence [?ɡ’z?st?ns] n.存在
existing [?g?z?st??] adj.現(xiàn)有的
exit [?eks?t] v.退出
expand [?k?sp?nd] v.擴(kuò)充
expect [?k?spekt] v.期望
expected [] adj.所需要的
experience [?k‘sp??r??ns] n.經(jīng)驗(yàn)
expire [?k’spa??] v.過(guò)期
expired adj.過(guò)期的
expiry [?k?spa??ri] n.終止
explicit [?k?spl?s?t] adj.顯式的
explicitly [?k?spl?s?tli] adv.顯示地
explode [?k‘spl??d] v.爆炸
explore [?k?spl?:] v.探索
explorer [?k?spl?:r?] n.瀏覽器
exponent [?k?sp??n?nt] n.指數(shù)
export [eks?p?:t] v.導(dǎo)出
exported
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