使用定時(shí)器和計(jì)數(shù)器創(chuàng)建高效的基于MCU的設(shè)計(jì)

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　　定時(shí)器和計(jì)數(shù)器可能是MCU設(shè)計(jì)中最普遍的外圍設(shè)備。任何應(yīng)用程序都可以使用定時(shí)器或計(jì)數(shù)器來提高性能，降低功耗，或者簡化設(shè)計(jì)，用簡單的定時(shí)器或計(jì)數(shù)器中斷替換重復(fù)或循環(huán)的CPU操作。您可能沒有使用一些最近的計(jì)時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器單位，但是，一些先進(jìn)的功能現(xiàn)在可以提高您的設(shè)計(jì)更。本文將快速回顧一些新的定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器功能，您可以使用，以改善您的設(shè)計(jì)與說明性的例子，從流行的MCU家庭，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的自主操作和電機(jī)控制。

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　　Timer and counter modes： from simple to advanced

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　　Timers and counters started out with some very simple modes of operation to replace common-program loops for counting external events， for timing internal and external operations and for collecting various statistics on key MCU operations. Some of the most familiar counting modes are illustrated by the features in the Maxim MAXQ612 MCU and some examples are shown in Figure 1 below. The table at the bottom of the figure shows three common autonomous operation modes for Timer B， the MAXQ612 timer/counter block： Auto-reload， capture， and pp/down counting. The figure in the upper right shows the block diagram for the auto-reload mode. The clock input for Timer B can come from a clock prescaler that can divide the system clock with eight different settings， or from an external pin. A control bit， TRB， enables or disables Timer B operation. The timer-value register （TVB） counts up when clocked and when it reaches the value stored in the Timer B reload register （TBR） and interrupt is generated and TVB is reset to zero. This provides a simple method for creating delays without using up valuable CPU cycles to create a delay. An external pin can be used to optionally reset TVB to zero as well， making this mode useful for creating a timeout if an expected input does not show up in the expected amount of time.

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