Connecting to the Grid， to the Net， and to You

　　工程師們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了智能電網(wǎng)以提高能源效率、電網(wǎng)管理和高質(zhì)量的電力輸送。增加智能電網(wǎng)的復(fù)雜性是微電網(wǎng)的一個(gè)相對(duì)新概念。控制功率流通過實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)管理使用維護(hù)提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的能力已經(jīng)變得比以往任何時(shí)候都說到連接微電網(wǎng)和電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)更重要。

　　微電網(wǎng)已成為智能電網(wǎng)的重要組成部分。這些小型能源生產(chǎn)商已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在具有前瞻性的社區(qū)、校園、軍事設(shè)施和其他相關(guān)化合物中。微電網(wǎng)可以從公用電網(wǎng)供電或取電。它也可以斷開與主電網(wǎng)和自主操作。

　　因?yàn)閹缀跞魏稳硕伎梢园惭b一個(gè)本地化的電力系統(tǒng)，確保質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和適當(dāng)?shù)木W(wǎng)格同步是最重要的。實(shí)時(shí)電源管理和遙測(cè)是智能電網(wǎng)的重要組成部分，復(fù)雜的算法和快速、可靠的數(shù)字資源也是實(shí)現(xiàn)所有聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)平衡和優(yōu)化所必需的。對(duì)微網(wǎng)進(jìn)行連續(xù)優(yōu)化，以達(dá)到最佳的功率效率和電能質(zhì)量。

　　Optimizing power： smart grid

　　One of the key building blocks of a microgrid that incorporates solar PV panels is that of a micro-inverter. Such inverters typically operate below 500 Watts and are tied to the smart grid – termed ‘grid-tied’ – and use a microcontroller to perform all aspects of control. One of the MCU’s main functions is to act as a maximum power point tracker （MPPT）， processing algorithms to maximize PV power output. It also has the task of DC-AC power inversion and synchronization to the smart grid using a phase-locked loop （PLL）。 Maintaining a clean current feed to the grid while also maintaining maximum power efficiency in a PV system can be a challenge， and improving power output in a PV system by including an inverter on each solar panel， is seen as beneficial. In this way power loss due to shading can be virtually eliminated. The emergence of fast-digitizing technology and falling component costs have made this type of architecture viable. Microcontroller suppliers， such as Texas Instruments， have been proactive in providing plenty of design support to engineers wishing to embark on a micro-inverter design. For example， TI’s C2000 Piccolo microcontroller is an ideal candidate for use in digitally controlled micro-inverter applications. To assist design engineers in prototyping a design， TI provides a plethora of design resources as part of a 250 Watt grid-tied solar micro-inverter reference design， which uses the TI C2000 Piccolo isolated controlCARD. Based around the TI C2000 Piccolo F28035 MCU， the controlCARD provides all the GPIO， ADC， and power regulation components in a convenient 100 pin DIMM format. Intended for prototyping and low volume applications， it provides all the digital control elements on a single board and only requires the addition of the power conversion components to facilitate a complete end design. It also includes optoisolators for the serial bus and JTAG port connectivity， and noise filters and ADC input clamping protection. A reliable voltage reference source is also provided for use with the ADC. TI offers a comprehensive set of design resources that accompany the controlCARD and include a full BOM， schematics， test data， and design files that significantly speed the development of an inverter solution.