無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量收集

　　無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)如果要達(dá)到其在野外的目標(biāo)，就需要仔細(xì)注意電源管理。將能量收集技術(shù)集成到設(shè)計(jì)中，對(duì)于解決這個(gè)問題有很大的幫助。

　　增加功率和吝嗇的傳感器的性能，微控制器和射頻收發(fā)器是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的動(dòng)力完全或能量收集技術(shù)的補(bǔ)充提高的潛力。超低功耗無線協(xié)議開始得到廣泛的業(yè)界認(rèn)可，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在積極開發(fā)中。傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)脫離電源，或電池供電，可靠性更高的可能性，降低維護(hù)成本，提高了安全性，和廣泛的部署。

　　只有幾年前不可想象的應(yīng)用在能量收集技術(shù)中是可能的。新的可用的電源管理產(chǎn)品可以將不方便，間歇常常微乎其微的各種能量采集傳感器輸出（熱電發(fā)電機(jī)、光電、壓電體、電磁學(xué)）轉(zhuǎn)化為可用的功率為現(xiàn)代電子。利用這些電源管理設(shè)備來指定、分析和設(shè)計(jì)新的方法，充分利用各自的能量傳感器元件和傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子設(shè)備的能力是必不可少的。

　　Wireless sensors are not new， making them semi — or fully autonomous through the use of energy harvesting techniques requires the proper selection and design of energy transducers and power management devices. A typical wireless remote sensor node is shown in Figure 1. To date， the missing link in this system has been the power management solution. The transducers available to provide power are often very inconvenient to work with — producing a very low voltage， low impedance output or a very high voltage， high impedance output. The various elements in this system can be further broken down into power producers/regulators （transducer and power management） and power users （everything else）。 If the energy harvesting average output power capability exceeds the average power required by the remote sensor electronics， then you have the possibility for an autonomous system.