描述

此 Arduino 線性致動(dòng)器教程展示了如何使用 Arduino 兼容板和各種輸入傳感器控制Firgelli 小型線性致動(dòng)器，包括用于直接控制的滑塊和旋轉(zhuǎn)旋鈕、用于增量移動(dòng)的操縱桿以及具有預(yù)設(shè)位置的三個(gè)按鈕（在代碼中預(yù)設(shè)）每個(gè)位置都分配給一個(gè)按鈕，因此當(dāng)用戶按下按鈕時(shí)，小型線性執(zhí)行器會(huì)移動(dòng)到該位置）。

對(duì)于 Arduino 線性執(zhí)行器項(xiàng)目，F(xiàn)irgelli 的小型線性執(zhí)行器非常出色。這些線性執(zhí)行器有一個(gè)內(nèi)部控制器，允許它們像伺服一樣操作。通過(guò)使用 Arduino 伺服庫(kù)，我們可以簡(jiǎn)單地向執(zhí)行器發(fā)送所需的位置，然后它移動(dòng)到該位置。

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所有部件都可以在RobotGeek Arduino 線性執(zhí)行器實(shí)驗(yàn)者套件中一起找到，或者單獨(dú)獲得。

第 1 步：接線

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請(qǐng)注意，您必須將線性致動(dòng)器物理插入不同的端口才能使用不同的控件移動(dòng)它。如果您有多個(gè)線性執(zhí)行器，您可以使用此代碼同時(shí)控制多達(dá) 4 個(gè)。

第 2 步：將代碼上傳到您的 Arduino

您可以在RobotGeek 庫(kù)和工具中的以下位置找到此演示代碼：

RobotGeekSketches -> Demos -> LinearActuator -> linearActuatorExpDemo -> linearActuatorExpDemo.ino

這段代碼將幫助我們完成接下來(lái)的三個(gè)部分。根據(jù)您正在學(xué)習(xí)的教程部分，您將被要求將線性致動(dòng)器插入不同的引腳。

/***********************************************************************************
 *           RobotGeek Linear Actuator Experimenter's Kit Demo   
 *        ________   
 *       |        \---------\___________________________
 *     __|                  |                          ||--------------------|__
 *    (o |  FIRGELLI        |                        o ||____________________| o)
 *       |__________________/--------------------------||                   
 * 
 *
 *  The following sketch will allow you to control a Firgelli Linear actuator using
 *  the RobotGeek Slider, RobotGeek Knob, RobotGeek Joystick, and RobotGeek Pushbuttons
 *
 *  http://www.robotgeek.com/robotgeek-experimenters-kit-linear-actuator
 *  
 *    
 *  Wiring
 *    Linear Actuator - Digital Pin 6, 9, 10, and/or 11
 *
 *    Knob            - Analog Pin 0
 *    Joystick        - Analog Pin 1 
 *    Slider          - Analog Pin 2
 *    
 *    Pushbutton      - Digital Pin 2
 *    Pushbutton      - Digital Pin 4
 *    Pushbutton      - Digital Pin 7
 *    
 *    Jumpers for pins 3/5/6 and 9/10/11 should be set to 'VIN'
 *  
 *
 *  Control Behavior:
 *    Moving the slider or knob will move the linear actuator keeping absolute position.
 *    Moving the joystick will move the linear actuator incrementally.
 *    Pressing one of the buttons will move the linear actuator to a predetermined position.
 *
 ***********************************************************************************/
//Includes
#include  //Servo Library can be used for Firgelli Mini Linear Actuators
//Linear Actuator Pins
const int LINEARPIN_BUTTON = 6;        //Linear Actuator on Digital Pin 6
const int LINEARPIN_KNOB = 9;          //Linear Actuator on Digital Pin 9
const int LINEARPIN_SLIDER = 10;       //Linear Actuator on Digital Pin 10
const int LINEARPIN_JOYSTICK = 11;     //Linear Actuator on Digital Pin 11
//Analog Input Pins
const int KNOB_PIN = 0;       //Knob on Analog Pin 0
const int JOYSTICK_PIN = 1;   //Joystick (vertical) on Analog Pin 1
const int SLIDER_PIN = 2;     //Slider on Analog Pin 2
//Digital Input Pins 
const int BUTTON1_PIN = 2;     //Button 1 on Digital Pin 2
const int BUTTON2_PIN = 4;     //Button 2 on Digital Pin 4
const int BUTTON3_PIN = 7;     //Button 3 on Digital Pin 7
//Generic deadband limits - not all joystics will center at 512, so these limits remove 'drift' from joysticks that are off-center.
const int DEADBAND_LOW = 482;   //decrease this value if drift occurs, increase it to increase sensitivity around the center position
const int DEADBAND_HIGH = 542;  //increase this value if drift occurs, decrease it to increase sensitivity around the center position
//Max/min pulse values in microseconds for the linear actuators
const int LINEAR_MIN = 1050;        
const int LINEAR_MAX = 2000;         
// variables will change:
int button1State = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int button2State = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int button3State = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status
Servo linearKnob, linearSlider, linearButton, linearJoystick;  // create servo objects to control the linear actuators
int knobValue, sliderValue, joystickValue;                     //variables to hold the last reading from the analog pins. The value will be between 0 and 1023
int valueMapped;                                               // the joystick values will be changed (or 'mapped') to new values to be sent to the linear actuator.
//variables for current positional value being sent to the linear actuator. 
int linearValue_Knob = 1500;                                   
int linearValue_Slider = 1500;    
int linearValue_Button = 1500;
int linearValue_Joystick = 1500; 
int speed = 2;
void setup() 
{ 
  //initialize linear actuators as servo objects
  linearKnob.attach(LINEARPIN_KNOB);      // attaches/activates the linear actuator as a servo object 
  linearSlider.attach(LINEARPIN_SLIDER);  // attaches/activates the linear actuator as a servo object 
  linearButton.attach(LINEARPIN_BUTTON);  // attaches/activates the linear actuator as a servo object 
  linearJoystick.attach(LINEARPIN_JOYSTICK);  // attaches/activates the linear actuator as a servo object 
  //Analog pins do not need to be initialized
  
  //use the writeMicroseconds to set the linear actuators to their default positions
  linearKnob.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Knob); 
  linearSlider.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Slider);
  linearButton.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Button);
  linearJoystick.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Joystick);
} 
void loop() 
{ 
//Preset Positions for Button Control
  // if the pushbutton is pressed set the linear value
  button1State = digitalRead(BUTTON1_PIN);
  if (button1State == HIGH) {    
    // set the position value  
    linearValue_Button = 1300;  
  } 
  button2State = digitalRead(BUTTON2_PIN);
  if (button2State == HIGH) {     
    // set the position value   
    linearValue_Button = 1500;  
  } 
  button3State = digitalRead(BUTTON3_PIN);  
  if (button3State == HIGH) {     
    // set the position value   
    linearValue_Button = 1700;  
  }   
//Analog Direct Control 
  //read the values from the analog sensors
  knobValue = analogRead(KNOB_PIN);
  sliderValue = analogRead(SLIDER_PIN);
  linearValue_Knob = map(knobValue, 0, 1023, LINEAR_MAX, LINEAR_MIN); //Map analog value from the sensor to the linear actuator
  linearValue_Slider = map(sliderValue, 0, 1023, LINEAR_MAX, LINEAR_MIN); //Map analog value from the sensor to the linear actuator
//Incremental Joystick Control
  joystickValue = analogRead(JOYSTICK_PIN); //read the values from the joystick
  //only update if the joystick is outside the deadzone (i.e. moved oustide the center position)
   if(joystickValue > DEADBAND_HIGH || joystickValue < DEADBAND_LOW)
   {
     valueMapped = map(joystickValue, 0, 1023, speed, -speed); //Map analog value from native joystick value (0 to 1023) to incremental change (speed to -speed).
     linearValue_Joystick = linearValue_Joystick + valueMapped; //add mapped joystick value to present Value
     
     linearValue_Joystick = constrain(linearValue_Joystick, LINEAR_MIN, LINEAR_MAX);  //
   }
//Use the writeMicroseconds to set the linear actuator to its new position
  linearKnob.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Knob); 
  linearSlider.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Slider);
  linearButton.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Button);
  linearJoystick.writeMicroseconds(linearValue_Joystick);
  delay(10);
} 

第 3 步：模擬直接控制

對(duì)于本節(jié)：

要使用旋轉(zhuǎn)旋鈕，請(qǐng)將線性執(zhí)行器插入Digital Pin 9

要使用滑塊，請(qǐng)將線性執(zhí)行器插入Digital Pin 10

那么這是怎么回事？我們正在將模擬傳感器的絕對(duì)位置映射到執(zhí)行器位置。這是有道理的，您將旋轉(zhuǎn)旋鈕或滑塊移動(dòng)到一個(gè)位置，并且線性執(zhí)行器與該位置匹配。

想看廢話嗎？將操縱桿插入Analog Pin 0 ，將線性執(zhí)行器插入Digital Pin 9 。操縱桿始終返回到中心位置，導(dǎo)致線性執(zhí)行器匹配并返回到其中心值。如果您想使用操縱桿將線性致動(dòng)器移動(dòng)到中心以外的位置，那么這并不是那么有用，這將我們帶到下一節(jié)。在繼續(xù)之前，請(qǐng)確保將傳感器恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的引腳。

如果您想要僅涵蓋本教程這一部分的草圖，可以在此處找到它。

第 4 步：增量控制

對(duì)于本節(jié)：

要使用操縱桿，請(qǐng)將線性執(zhí)行器插入Digital Pin 11

那么這是怎么回事？這一次，我們不是直接映射到操縱桿的值，而是使用操縱桿來(lái)增加線性致動(dòng)器的位置，這樣我們就可以放開(kāi)操縱桿，讓線性致動(dòng)器保持在上次放置的位置。

如果您想要僅涵蓋本教程這一部分的草圖，可以在此處找到它。

第 5 步：預(yù)設(shè)控件

對(duì)于本節(jié)：

要使用按鈕，請(qǐng)將線性執(zhí)行器插入Digital Pin 6

那么這是怎么回事？在這一部分中，我們使用按鈕按下將線性執(zhí)行器發(fā)送到預(yù)定義的位置。當(dāng)您知道在輸入定義的情況下您希望線性致動(dòng)器處于什么位置時(shí)，這非常簡(jiǎn)單且非常有用。

如果您想要僅涵蓋本教程這一部分的草圖，可以在此處找到它。

第 6 步：下一步是什么？

現(xiàn)在您知道了三種控制直線推桿的方法。你能想到可以從中受益的項(xiàng)目嗎？您有想要自動(dòng)打開(kāi)的盒子嗎？您將如何使用線性致動(dòng)器來(lái)做到這一點(diǎn)？人體的所有肌肉都是生物線性致動(dòng)器。你能做一個(gè)模仿這個(gè)的機(jī)械臂嗎？做一張可以傾斜的桌子怎么樣？我們很想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)您的項(xiàng)目！去創(chuàng)造吧！