一、電氣特性
輸入特性:
正向電壓():通常對(duì)于這類光耦器件,其輸入部分的發(fā)光二極管會(huì)有一個(gè)正向電壓特性。可能在典型情況下,正向電壓會(huì)處于一個(gè)相對(duì)較低的值,比如在 1.2V 到 1.5V 之間,具體數(shù)值取決于正向電流。當(dāng)給輸入引腳施加正向電流時(shí),發(fā)光二極管會(huì)產(chǎn)生正向電壓降,較低的正向電壓有助于減少輸入部分的功耗,方便與各種低功耗的控制器或驅(qū)動(dòng)電路相配合。
正向電流():一般來說,為了使輸入部分正常工作,會(huì)有一個(gè)典型的正向電流范圍,可能在幾毫安左右,例如 5mA 至 10mA。較小的正向電流要求意味著它可以很容易地被一些低功率的控制信號(hào)驅(qū)動(dòng),減少對(duì)前級(jí)電路的負(fù)載要求。
Forward voltage () : Usually for such optocoupler devices, the input part of the LED will have a forward voltage characteristic. Perhaps in typical cases, the forward voltage will be at a relatively low value, such as between 1.2V and 1.5V, depending on the forward current. When a forward current is applied to the input pin, the LED will produce a forward voltage drop, and the lower forward voltage helps to reduce the power consumption of the input part, which is convenient to cooperate with a variety of low-power controllers or drive circuits.
Forward current () : In general, in order for the input part to work properly, there will be a typical forward current range, which may be around a few milliamps, such as 5mA to 10mA. The small forward current requirement means that it can easily be driven by some low-power control signal, reducing the load requirement on the front stage circuit.
輸入功耗:根據(jù),結(jié)合上述可能的正向電壓和正向電流范圍,可以計(jì)算出輸入部分的功耗范圍,這對(duì)于評(píng)估整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的功耗分配以及電源設(shè)計(jì)是有幫助的。
According to the above possible forward voltage and forward current ranges, the power consumption range of the input part can be calculated, which is helpful for evaluating the power distribution of the entire system and the power supply design.
輸出特性:
輸出類型:可能是集電極開路輸出或者推挽輸出等。集電極開路輸出可以方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)電平轉(zhuǎn)換和邏輯功能的擴(kuò)展,并且可以通過外部上拉電阻來實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的輸出電平,而推挽輸出則能提供較強(qiáng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)能力,能輸出高電平和低電平兩種狀態(tài),驅(qū)動(dòng)能力更強(qiáng),適用于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載。
Output type: May be open collector output or push-pull output, etc. The open-collector output can easily realize the level conversion and logic function expansion, and can achieve different output levels through the external pull-up resistor, and the push-pull output can provide a strong driving ability, can output high and low levels of two states, driving ability is stronger, suitable for direct drive load.
輸出電流():對(duì)于集電極開路輸出,其最大灌電流或拉電流能力可能在十幾毫安到幾十毫安之間;對(duì)于推挽輸出,其輸出電流能力可能更大,或許能達(dá)到上百毫安。這決定了它能夠驅(qū)動(dòng)多少負(fù)載,例如可以驅(qū)動(dòng)多少個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 TTL 或 CMOS 邏輯門電路,或者能驅(qū)動(dòng)多大功率的外部負(fù)載,如小型繼電器、LED 等。
For open-collector output, the maximum filling current or pulling current capacity may be between tens of Ma and tens of Ma. For push-pull outputs, the output current capacity may be larger, perhaps up to hundreds of milliamps. This determines how much load it can drive, such as how many standard TTL or CMOS logic gates it can drive, or how much power it can drive external loads, such as small relays, leds, and so on.
輸出電壓():輸出高電平和低電平的電壓范圍也很重要。高電平輸出電壓可能接近電源電壓,而低電平輸出電壓則盡可能接近地電位,這樣可以確保輸出信號(hào)的邏輯電平能被后續(xù)電路準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別。
The voltage range of the output high and low levels is also important. The high level output voltage may be close to the supply voltage, while the low level output voltage is as close as possible to the ground potential, which ensures that the logic level of the output signal can be accurately recognized by subsequent circuits.
二、光學(xué)特性
發(fā)光波長():很可能采用了一種高效的發(fā)光材料,常見的是紅外或近紅外光,比如發(fā)光波長在 800nm 至 900nm 左右。合適的發(fā)光波長有助于在輸入和輸出部分之間實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的光耦合,保證信號(hào)傳輸?shù)目煽啃院头€(wěn)定性。
It is likely that an efficient luminescent material is used, which is commonly infrared or near-infrared light, such as the luminous wavelength of 800nm to 900nm. The appropriate luminous wavelength helps to achieve efficient optical coupling between the input and output parts, ensuring the reliability and stability of signal transmission.
電流傳輸比(CTR):這是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù),它表示輸出電流與輸入電流的比值。不同的工作條件下(如不同的輸入電流、不同的溫度等),CTR 可能會(huì)有所變化。通常在常溫下,對(duì)于某個(gè)特定的輸入電流,CTR 會(huì)有一個(gè)典型值,可能在百分之幾十左右。例如,當(dāng)輸入電流為 5mA 時(shí),CTR 可能為 30%,這意味著輸出電流約為輸入電流的 30%,即 1.5mA 左右。高 CTR 有助于在輸入和輸出之間實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的信號(hào)強(qiáng)度轉(zhuǎn)換,確保信號(hào)不失真地從輸入側(cè)傳輸?shù)捷敵鰝?cè)。
This is a key parameter that represents the ratio of the output current to the input current. Under different operating conditions (such as different input currents, different temperatures, etc.), the CTR may vary. Usually at room temperature, for a specific input current, CTR will have a typical value, which may be in the tens of percent. For example, when the input current is 5mA, the CTR may be 30%, which means that the output current is about 30% of the input current, that is, about 1.5mA. High CTR helps achieve better signal strength conversion between input and output, ensuring that the signal is transmitted from the input side to the output side without distortion.
三、傳輸速度
數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率:作為一款電子器件,其數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率是評(píng)估其性能的重要指標(biāo)。QX3H4 可能具有較高的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率,例如在幾兆赫茲到幾十兆赫茲的范圍。這決定了它可以應(yīng)用在一些對(duì)信號(hào)傳輸速度有要求的場合,如高速數(shù)據(jù)通信、高速開關(guān)電路、計(jì)算機(jī)外設(shè)接口等。在數(shù)字信號(hào)傳輸中,較高的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率能確保信號(hào)的及時(shí)和準(zhǔn)確傳輸,避免因傳輸延遲導(dǎo)致的信號(hào)失真和誤操作。
四、工作電壓和耐壓
工作電壓():會(huì)有一個(gè)推薦的工作電壓范圍,可能從幾伏到幾十伏不等,如 5V 到 30V,這樣可以適應(yīng)不同的電源系統(tǒng)。同時(shí),在輸入和輸出之間會(huì)有較高的隔離電壓,比如可能達(dá)到數(shù)千伏的隔離電壓,如 3000V 或更高。這種高隔離電壓保證了輸入和輸出電路之間的電氣隔離,防止電氣干擾,提高系統(tǒng)的安全性和可靠性,在強(qiáng)電和弱電系統(tǒng)隔離、工業(yè)控制等應(yīng)用中非常重要。
五、工作溫度范圍
溫度范圍:一般來說,該器件可以在較寬的溫度范圍內(nèi)正常工作,例如從 - 40°C 到 + 85°C 甚至更寬的范圍,如 - 55°C 到 + 125°C。這使得它能夠適應(yīng)各種不同的環(huán)境條件,從低溫的戶外環(huán)境到高溫的工業(yè)環(huán)境,確保在不同溫度下其電氣、光學(xué)和傳輸性能的穩(wěn)定性,使其可以應(yīng)用于工業(yè)控制、汽車電子、航空航天等對(duì)溫度有不同要求的領(lǐng)域。
六、封裝形式
封裝:可能采用常見的封裝形式,如 SOP 封裝、DIP 封裝等。SOP 封裝具有體積小、引腳間距小、適合表面貼裝,適用于高密度電路板,有助于縮小電路板面積,降低產(chǎn)品體積;而 DIP 封裝則便于手工焊接和實(shí)驗(yàn)測試,適用于對(duì)成本敏感、對(duì)電路板空間要求不高的場合。封裝的尺寸和引腳布局會(huì)根據(jù)具體的封裝形式而有所不同,設(shè)計(jì)人員可以根據(jù)自身需求選擇合適的封裝。
七、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域
工業(yè)控制:在工業(yè)自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域,可用于隔離輸入輸出信號(hào),例如 PLC 的輸入輸出模塊中,將外部的傳感器信號(hào)與內(nèi)部的控制器信號(hào)進(jìn)行隔離,防止外部干擾進(jìn)入內(nèi)部系統(tǒng),同時(shí)保證內(nèi)部信號(hào)對(duì)外部執(zhí)行器的安全可靠控制。
通信設(shè)備:在通信設(shè)備中,可用于實(shí)現(xiàn)不同模塊之間的信號(hào)隔離和電平轉(zhuǎn)換,保證高速信號(hào)在不同模塊之間的準(zhǔn)確傳輸,防止模塊間的電氣干擾,提高通信質(zhì)量和穩(wěn)定性,例如在網(wǎng)絡(luò)交換機(jī)、調(diào)制解調(diào)器等設(shè)備中。
汽車電子:由于其寬溫度范圍和高可靠性,可應(yīng)用于汽車的電子控制系統(tǒng),如車身控制模塊、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制單元等,確保在汽車不同的運(yùn)行環(huán)境下穩(wěn)定工作,同時(shí)提供電氣隔離,保障系統(tǒng)安全。
電源設(shè)備:在開關(guān)電源中,可作為隔離反饋信號(hào)的器件,將輸出端的電壓、電流等反饋信號(hào)可靠地傳輸?shù)娇刂贫耍瑢?shí)現(xiàn)精確的電源調(diào)節(jié)和保護(hù)功能,提高電源的性能和可靠性。
審核編輯 黃宇
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光電耦合器
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