集成的模擬前端，MCU簡化能量收集無線傳感器節點的設計

　　能源收集已經成為一種有效的方法來為監測環境因素的無線傳感器節點供電。然而，對于傳感器子系統本身，工程師在構建合適的解決方案時會面臨重大挑戰，增加了項目進度的延遲。許多傳感器的設計，工程師可以利用低功耗的模擬前端（AFE）和專門的MCU IC制造商包括模擬設備，賽普拉斯半導體、芯片技術、德克薩斯文書，其中。

　　為了開發傳感器系統，工程師們傳統上依靠手工構建合適的信號鏈，結合運算放大器、比較器和相關組件來可靠地收集傳感器數據。雖然從傳感器獲取信號的概念看似簡單，工程師們發現自己面臨一長串如傳感器驅動和輸出的要求，實際問題的采樣率，信號路徑校準，性能，和傳感器診斷，在規定的功率預算。在信號路徑本身中，與元件匹配、偏置微調、電路板布局和附近噪聲源相關的挑戰增加了建立有效模擬信號通路的進一步復雜問題。

　　Signal requirements

　　Because sensor outputs can be very small signals， sensor signal paths typically require low-noise programmable gain amplifiers （PGAs） with extremely-low offset voltage， as well as low temperature and offset drifts to reduce the chance of introducing errors. In many cases， the common-mode voltage output of the sensor is much larger than the signal of interest， so some designs may require amplifiers with sufficiently high common-mode rejection ratios.

　　Due to the small sensor signals and overall sensitivity to noise， sensor signal paths also typically include design elements designed to limit the noise floor. These designs typically incorporate filters to limit the signal bandwidth and reduce noise contributions. In addition， chopper-stabilized amplifiers might be used to reduce errors from 1/f noise of the amplifiers. Finally， the use of a ΣΔ ADC with its oversampling conversion method helps reduce noise and associated noise-filtering requirements.