在你的MCU上運(yùn)行RTOS時(shí)的硬件考慮

　　MCU來(lái)控制嵌入式系統(tǒng)在越來(lái)越多的功能。通常這些功能是實(shí)時(shí)的，需要定期的服務(wù)，以滿足系統(tǒng)的要求，響應(yīng)，性能，或可靠性。通常，實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)（RTOS）用于管理多個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)事件，以確保響應(yīng)速度足以滿足系統(tǒng)要求。不是所有的MCU都適合舉辦一個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)，然而，所以回顧一些關(guān)鍵功能，允許或促進(jìn)主機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)在一個(gè)特定的單片機(jī)的實(shí)時(shí)嵌入式系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)者很有用。

　　本文將回顧一些可用的關(guān)鍵特征對(duì)現(xiàn)代MCUs，幫助運(yùn)行嵌入式系統(tǒng)需要實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)時(shí)。這將有助于設(shè)計(jì)人員更有效地選擇一個(gè)MCU作為一個(gè)RTOS主機(jī)，并設(shè)計(jì)使用該MCU的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。

　　Managing real-time response

　　As control systems become more complicated， it is increasingly difficult to manage the various MCU functions with a simple control routine. With multiple events with different priorities， a single control loop that is constantly checking to see what event needs service becomes unwieldy. The control loop just cannot get to every function quickly enough. What is needed is a real-time approach to control， where all events can be serviced within their required response time.

　　Often an MCU can achieve better control over complex systems by responding to an event， either an internal MCU request triggered by a timer or an external event triggered by an I/O signal， using an interrupt. Interrupts can be prioritized so that the most important requests are processed first， and with modern MCU interrupt systems， response times can be very fast. Unfortunately， proving that all events will be handled with the required periodicity can be difficult. For example， if we need to make a series of analog-to-digital conversions， while receiving data over a USB port and computing a low-pass filter on the acquired analog data， figuring out the maximum sample rate for the conversion may be very difficult.