描述

介紹：

根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的說法，“健忘可能是衰老的正常部分。” 最重要的是，老年人也經(jīng)常隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而面臨身體衰退。這些問題會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些問題，從忘記物品在哪里，到在獲取藥品或手杖等基本物品時(shí)體力消耗。

到目前為止，機(jī)器人護(hù)理已經(jīng)作為寵物產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入老年人市場(chǎng)，以類似的硬件和成本，我們實(shí)際上可以構(gòu)建機(jī)器人來為老年人做更多的事情。在本文中，我們將討論如何使用Lego Mindstorm EV3機(jī)器人幫助老年人存儲(chǔ)和取物。

第 1 步：構(gòu)建 GRIPP3R

MindStorm EV3 的 GRIPP3R 似乎是處理此類任務(wù)的最理想機(jī)器人，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢詷?gòu)建機(jī)器人并用它來抓取物體。使用樂高 MindStorm 套裝搭建機(jī)器人大約需要 2-3 小時(shí)，但實(shí)際上只需要說明書的前 68 頁(yè)，因?yàn)槠渌袃?nèi)容都非常美觀。

機(jī)器人完全建成后，我們首先需要測(cè)試一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)以確保其正常運(yùn)行。我們可以在https://www.lego.com/en-us/themes/mindstorms/downloads下載 MindStorms Home并使用基本功能。我們的第一個(gè)測(cè)試是看看我們正在嘗試做的事情是否可能，下面是我們編寫的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的小程序，用來抓取東西，轉(zhuǎn)身走開。

運(yùn)行此程序時(shí)，您應(yīng)該看到下圖，計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行程序需要接線，我們最終產(chǎn)品不需要接線。現(xiàn)在完成了，我們可以進(jìn)入下一步。

第 2 步：準(zhǔn)備好開發(fā)環(huán)境

Alexa gadget 編寫了有關(guān)如何將 Alexa 與 Mindstorm 連接的完整設(shè)置指南，我們將只強(qiáng)調(diào)這一步的主要部分，強(qiáng)烈建議您通過那里設(shè)置環(huán)境。

設(shè)置GRIPP3R 端

在這一步中，我們使用 Visual Studio Code 和 EV3DEV 環(huán)境設(shè)置樂高頭腦風(fēng)暴環(huán)境。具體要了解的東西很少。

如果磚面朝下，USB 端口和 sd 卡位于積木的左側(cè)，如果面向您，則位于機(jī)器人的左側(cè)。這花了一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來弄清楚。

我們現(xiàn)在可以插入 SD 卡并啟動(dòng) EV3，我們可以從 ev3dev 菜單設(shè)置 WiFi 網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

這將允許我們將 Visual Studio Code 直接連接到 ev3，而不是使用 USB 線。連接后請(qǐng)記住我們稍后可能需要的 ip，確保您的計(jì)算機(jī)與 ev3 磚在同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。

在 Mac/PC 端設(shè)置

我們需要可以在下載的 Microsoft VS Code。 您可以打開alexa-gadgets-mindstorms文件夾以安裝ev3dev-browser擴(kuò)展，如AlexaGadget的環(huán)境設(shè)置指南中所述

單擊顯示推薦后，它應(yīng)顯示在左側(cè)，如下所示。

我們可以啟動(dòng)一個(gè)名為grapp3r helper 的新工作區(qū)，并有一些空文件，或者只是從源代碼下載我的代碼。現(xiàn)在我們將做GRIPP3R端，我們可以連接到wifi而不是做USB編程。單擊此處連接我的設(shè)備后，應(yīng)該會(huì)顯示 ev3dev，如果沒有，您可以通過“我沒有看到我的設(shè)備”手動(dòng)輸入 ip

單擊瀏覽器上的下載按鈕以測(cè)試它是否有效。如果它正常工作，所有東西都應(yīng)該加載到 ev3 磚中，我們都準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行環(huán)境設(shè)置了。

由于我們將使用藍(lán)牙來控制設(shè)備，因此我們也在這里啟用藍(lán)牙。

第 3 步：準(zhǔn)備 Alexa 語(yǔ)音服務(wù)

這一步緊跟 alexagadget 的使命 1 ，我建議您仔細(xì)閱讀該指南，讓您的積木準(zhǔn)備好響應(yīng) Alexa 的呼叫。我們將通過總結(jié)。

我們首先需要亞馬遜開發(fā)者賬號(hào)。如果您還沒有開發(fā)者帳戶，請(qǐng)注冊(cè)一個(gè)。我們需要在Alexa Voice Service 中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)產(chǎn)品。

保持簡(jiǎn)單，讓我們使用與來自 alexagadget 的 Mission 1 相同的產(chǎn)品來創(chuàng)建產(chǎn)品。

• 名稱：頭腦風(fēng)暴 EV3
• 產(chǎn)品編號(hào)：EV3_01
• 產(chǎn)品類型：Alexa小工具
• 產(chǎn)品類別：Animatronic 或 Figure
• 產(chǎn)品描述：隨心所欲
• 跳過上傳圖片
• 您是否打算將該產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行商業(yè)銷售？：否
• 這是兒童產(chǎn)品還是以其他方式針對(duì) 13 歲以下的兒童？：否

創(chuàng)建產(chǎn)品后，我們將擁有應(yīng)用程序 ID 和應(yīng)用程序密碼。

我們將使用 alexamission-01 作為測(cè)試平臺(tái)，為此我們只需用您自己的方式更改 id 和 secret，請(qǐng)確保不需要引號(hào)。

[GadgetSettings]
amazonId = YOUR_GADGET_AMAZON_ID
alexaGadgetSecret = YOUR_GADGET_SECRET

[GadgetCapabilities]
Alexa.Gadget.StateListener = 1.0 - wakeword

我們可以像上一步一樣上傳代碼，完整的代碼解釋位于任務(wù) 01本身。

為了執(zhí)行代碼，我們將做一些與alexa gadget不同的事情，執(zhí)行這些代碼需要一些時(shí)間，有時(shí)我們會(huì)等待掛起而不知道原因。我們可以通過 shell 終端本身手動(dòng)完成。

之后，我們可以像任何其他 linux 一樣執(zhí)行我們的文件。

此時(shí)我們可以使用 GRIPP3R 本身激活 alexa 喚醒詞。

第 4 步：構(gòu)建 Alexa 應(yīng)用程序

這一步緊密總結(jié)了alexagadget的使命3和使命4 ，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰梢詷?gòu)建alexa app的基本功能。

我們需要在 alexa 控制臺(tái)下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新技能，為了保持一致，我們將其命名為 mindstorms，就像任務(wù)一樣。

我們將通過 node js 使用自定義和 Alexa 托管的后端，這只是為了在您執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)保持一致性，并使編寫不同的程序更容易

我們可以從任務(wù) 4 上傳 JSON 文件并從那里構(gòu)建它。只是不要發(fā)射任何大炮，因?yàn)?GRIPP3R 電機(jī)無(wú)法處理。獲取 json 復(fù)制并粘貼后，單擊構(gòu)建模型繼續(xù)。

這給了我們足夠的能力來做以下事情，我們稍后會(huì)談到這些。

• 意圖名稱（MoveIntent、SetSpeedIntent、SetCommandIntent）
• 插槽名稱（方向、持續(xù)時(shí)間、速度、命令）
• 槽值（“前進(jìn)”、“后退”、“1”、“2”、“100”）

在這些構(gòu)建完成后，我們將把任務(wù) 4 的所有文件上傳到 Alexa 代碼屏幕中的 lambda 中。詳細(xì)代碼說明可以看這里。

之后，我們可以進(jìn)入測(cè)試模式，為“開發(fā)”啟用技能測(cè)試

至于代碼，您可以上傳代碼庫(kù)，也可以按照任務(wù) 4 中的代碼立即進(jìn)行測(cè)試。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright 2019 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.
#
# You may not use this file except in compliance with the terms and conditions
# set forth in the accompanying LICENSE.TXT file.
#
# THESE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS. AMAZON SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS, WITH
# RESPECT TO THESE MATERIALS, ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING
# THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
import os
import sys
import time
import logging
import json
import random
import threading
from enum import Enum
from agt import AlexaGadget
from ev3dev2.led import Leds
from ev3dev2.sound import Sound
from ev3dev2.motor import OUTPUT_A, OUTPUT_B, OUTPUT_C, MoveTank, SpeedPercent, MediumMotor
from ev3dev2.sensor.lego import InfraredSensor
# Set the logging level to INFO to see messages from AlexaGadget
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, stream=sys.stdout, format='%(message)s')
logging.getLogger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr))
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class Direction(Enum):
"""
The list of directional commands and their variations.
These variations correspond to the skill slot values.
"""
FORWARD = ['forward', 'forwards', 'go forward']
BACKWARD = ['back', 'backward', 'backwards', 'go backward']
LEFT = ['left', 'go left']
RIGHT = ['right', 'go right']
STOP = ['stop', 'brake', 'halt']
class Command(Enum):
"""
The list of preset commands and their invocation variation.
These variations correspond to the skill slot values.
"""
MOVE_CIRCLE = ['circle', 'move around']
MOVE_SQUARE = ['square']
SENTRY = ['guard', 'guard mode', 'sentry', 'sentry mode']
PATROL = ['patrol', 'patrol mode']
FIRE_ONE = ['cannon', '1 shot', 'one shot']
FIRE_ALL = ['all shots', 'all shot']
class EventName(Enum):
"""
The list of custom event name sent from this gadget
"""
SENTRY = "Sentry"
PROXIMITY = "Proximity"
SPEECH = "Speech"
class MindstormsGadget(AlexaGadget):
"""
A Mindstorms gadget that can perform bi-directional interaction with an Alexa skill.
"""
def __init__(self):
"""
Performs Alexa Gadget initialization routines and ev3dev resource allocation.
"""
super().__init__()
# Robot state
self.sentry_mode = False
self.patrol_mode = False
# Connect two large motors on output ports B and C
self.drive = MoveTank(OUTPUT_B, OUTPUT_C)
self.weapon = MediumMotor(OUTPUT_A)
self.sound = Sound()
self.leds = Leds()
self.ir = InfraredSensor()
# Start threads
threading.Thread(target=self._patrol_thread, daemon=True).start()
threading.Thread(target=self._proximity_thread, daemon=True).start()
def on_connected(self, device_addr):
"""
Gadget connected to the paired Echo device.
:param device_addr: the address of the device we connected to
"""
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN")
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN")
logger.info("{} connected to Echo device".format(self.friendly_name))
def on_disconnected(self, device_addr):
"""
Gadget disconnected from the paired Echo device.
:param device_addr: the address of the device we disconnected from
"""
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "BLACK")
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "BLACK")
logger.info("{} disconnected from Echo device".format(self.friendly_name))
def on_custom_mindstorms_gadget_control(self, directive):
"""
Handles the Custom.Mindstorms.Gadget control directive.
:param directive: the custom directive with the matching namespace and name
"""
try:
payload = json.loads(directive.payload.decode("utf-8"))
print("Control payload: {}".format(payload), file=sys.stderr)
control_type = payload["type"]
if control_type == "move":
# Expected params: [direction, duration, speed]
self._move(payload["direction"], int(payload["duration"]), int(payload["speed"]))
if control_type == "command":
# Expected params: [command]
self._activate(payload["command"])
except KeyError:
print("Missing expected parameters: {}".format(directive), file=sys.stderr)
def _move(self, direction, duration: int, speed: int, is_blocking=False):
"""
Handles move commands from the directive.
Right and left movement can under or over turn depending on the surface type.
:param direction: the move direction
:param duration: the duration in seconds
:param speed: the speed percentage as an integer
:param is_blocking: if set, motor run until duration expired before accepting another command
"""
print("Move command: ({}, {}, {}, {})".format(direction, speed, duration, is_blocking), file=sys.stderr)
if direction in Direction.FORWARD.value:
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(speed), SpeedPercent(speed), duration, block=is_blocking)
if direction in Direction.BACKWARD.value:
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(-speed), SpeedPercent(-speed), duration, block=is_blocking)
if direction in (Direction.RIGHT.value + Direction.LEFT.value):
self._turn(direction, speed)
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(speed), SpeedPercent(speed), duration, block=is_blocking)
if direction in Direction.STOP.value:
self.drive.off()
self.patrol_mode = False
def _activate(self, command, speed=50):
"""
Handles preset commands.
:param command: the preset command
:param speed: the speed if applicable
"""
print("Activate command: ({}, {})".format(command, speed), file=sys.stderr)
if command in Command.MOVE_CIRCLE.value:
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(int(speed)), SpeedPercent(5), 12)
if command in Command.MOVE_SQUARE.value:
for i in range(4):
self._move("right", 2, speed, is_blocking=True)
if command in Command.PATROL.value:
# Set patrol mode to resume patrol thread processing
self.patrol_mode = True
if command in Command.SENTRY.value:
self.sentry_mode = True
self._send_event(EventName.SPEECH, {'speechOut': "Sentry mode activated"})
# Perform Shuffle posture
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(80), SpeedPercent(-80), 0.2)
time.sleep(0.3)
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(-40), SpeedPercent(40), 0.2)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "YELLOW", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "YELLOW", 1)
if command in Command.FIRE_ONE.value:
print("Fire one", file=sys.stderr)
self.weapon.on_for_rotations(SpeedPercent(100), 3)
self._send_event(EventName.SENTRY, {'fire': 1})
self.sentry_mode = False
print("Sent sentry event - 1 shot, alarm reset", file=sys.stderr)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)
if command in Command.FIRE_ALL.value:
print("Fire all", file=sys.stderr)
self.weapon.on_for_rotations(SpeedPercent(100), 10)
self._send_event(EventName.SENTRY, {'fire': 3})
self.sentry_mode = False
print("sent sentry event - 3 shots, alarm reset", file=sys.stderr)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)
def _turn(self, direction, speed):
"""
Turns based on the specified direction and speed.
Calibrated for hard smooth surface.
:param direction: the turn direction
:param speed: the turn speed
"""
if direction in Direction.LEFT.value:
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(0), SpeedPercent(speed), 2)
if direction in Direction.RIGHT.value:
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(speed), SpeedPercent(0), 2)
def _send_event(self, name: EventName, payload):
"""
Sends a custom event to trigger a sentry action.
:param name: the name of the custom event
:param payload: the sentry JSON payload
"""
self.send_custom_event('Custom.Mindstorms.Gadget', name.value, payload)
def _proximity_thread(self):
"""
Monitors the distance between the robot and an obstacle when sentry mode is activated.
If the minimum distance is breached, send a custom event to trigger action on
the Alexa skill.
"""
count = 0
while True:
while self.sentry_mode:
distance = self.ir.proximity
print("Proximity: {}".format(distance), file=sys.stderr)
count = count + 1 if distance < 10 else 0
if count > 3:
print("Proximity breached. Sending event to skill", file=sys.stderr)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "RED", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "RED", 1)
self._send_event(EventName.PROXIMITY, {'distance': distance})
self.sentry_mode = False
time.sleep(0.2)
time.sleep(1)
def _patrol_thread(self):
"""
Performs random movement when patrol mode is activated.
"""
while True:
while self.patrol_mode:
print("Patrol mode activated randomly picks a path", file=sys.stderr)
direction = random.choice(list(Direction))
duration = random.randint(1, 5)
speed = random.randint(1, 4) * 25
while direction == Direction.STOP:
direction = random.choice(list(Direction))
# direction: all except stop, duration: 1-5s, speed: 25, 50, 75, 100
self._move(direction.value[0], duration, speed)
time.sleep(duration)
time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
gadget = MindstormsGadget()
# Set LCD font and turn off blinking LEDs
os.system('setfont Lat7-Terminus12x6')
gadget.leds.set_color("LEFT", "BLACK")
gadget.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "BLACK")
# Startup sequence
gadget.sound.play_song((('C4', 'e'), ('D4', 'e'), ('E5', 'q')))
gadget.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN")
gadget.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN")
# Gadget main entry point
gadget.main()
# Shutdown sequence
gadget.sound.play_song((('E5', 'e'), ('C4', 'e')))
gadget.leds.set_color("LEFT", "BLACK")
gadget.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "BLACK")

和ini文件

[GadgetSettings]
amazonId = amazonid
alexaGadgetSecret = secret
[GadgetCapabilities]
Custom.Mindstorms.Gadget = 1.0

這應(yīng)該使我們能夠控制機(jī)器人。我們將通過與下面相同的 shell 運(yùn)行。完成后，您應(yīng)該能夠控制機(jī)器人。

第 5 步：設(shè)置 Gripper Bot Alexa 端

現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候編寫機(jī)器人邏輯了。為了完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，我們需要機(jī)器人做 3 件事，來，拿東西，拿東西，按照從最簡(jiǎn)單到最難的順序。這轉(zhuǎn)化為 ComeIntent、TakeIntent、BringIntent

在這一步中，我們將更改整個(gè)項(xiàng)目，因此以前的任務(wù)現(xiàn)在不是很有用。我們可以使用下面的json文件。其中一個(gè)重要的變化是“invocationName”：“gripper bot” ，所以我們可以調(diào)用gripper bot來幫助我們?cè)贏lexa中

{
"interactionModel": {
"languageModel": {
"invocationName": "gripper bot",
"intents": [
{
"name": "AMAZON.CancelIntent",
"samples": []
},
{
"name": "AMAZON.HelpIntent",
"samples": []
},
{
"name": "AMAZON.StopIntent",
"samples": []
},
{
"name": "HelloWorldIntent",
"slots": [],
"samples": [
"hello",
"how are you",
"say hi world",
"say hi",
"hi",
"say hello world",
"say hello"
]
},
{
"name": "ComeIntent",
"slots": [],
"samples": [
"Come",
"Come to me",
"Come here"
]
},
{
"name": "TakeIntent",
"slots": [
{
"name": "Item",
"type": "ItemType"
}
],
"samples": [
"Take this",
"Take it",
"Take this item",
"Take this {Item}",
"Take the {Item}"
]
},
{
"name": "BringIntent",
"slots": [
{
"name": "Item",
"type": "ItemType"
}
],
"samples": [
"Bring me the stuff",
"Bring me my item",
"Fetch my stuff",
"Bring me my {Item}"
]
},
{
"name": "AMAZON.NavigateHomeIntent",
"samples": []
}
],
"types": [
{
"name": "ItemType",
"values": [
{
"name": {
"value": "bottle"
}
},
{
"name": {
"value": "cane"
}
},
{
"name": {
"value": "medicine"
}
},
{
"name": {
"value": "cup"
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
}

至于lamdba 中的index.js ，我們基于任務(wù) 4 添加了額外的 3 個(gè) Intent，這很重要，因?yàn)槲覀儗⑦@些意圖傳遞給了抓取機(jī)器人本身。

// Construct and send a custom directive to the connected gadget with data from
// the ComeIntent.
const ComeIntentHandler = {
canHandle(handlerInput) {
return Alexa.getRequestType(handlerInput.requestEnvelope) === 'IntentRequest'
&& Alexa.getIntentName(handlerInput.requestEnvelope) === 'ComeIntent';
},
handle: function (handlerInput) {
const attributesManager = handlerInput.attributesManager;
let endpointId = attributesManager.getSessionAttributes().endpointId || [];
let speed = "50";
// Construct the directive with the payload containing the move parameters
let directive = Util.build(endpointId, NAMESPACE, NAME_CONTROL,
{
type: 'come',
command: 'come',
speed: speed
});
let speechOutput = 'Gripper Bot is coming to you';
return handlerInput.responseBuilder
.speak(speechOutput + BG_MUSIC)
.addDirective(directive)
.getResponse();
}
};
// Construct and send a custom directive to the connected gadget with data from
// the BringIntent.
const BringIntentHandler = {
canHandle(handlerInput) {
return Alexa.getRequestType(handlerInput.requestEnvelope) === 'IntentRequest'
&& Alexa.getIntentName(handlerInput.requestEnvelope) === 'BringIntent';
},
handle: function (handlerInput) {
let command = Alexa.getSlotValue(handlerInput.requestEnvelope, 'Item');
if (command === "" || command === null)
command = "it to you";
else{
command = command + " to you"
}
const attributesManager = handlerInput.attributesManager;
let endpointId = attributesManager.getSessionAttributes().endpointId || [];
let speed = attributesManager.getSessionAttributes().speed || "50";
// Construct the directive with the payload containing the move parameters
let directive = Util.build(endpointId, NAMESPACE, NAME_CONTROL,
{
type: 'bring',
command: command,
speed: speed
});
let speechOutput = 'bringing ' + command;
return handlerInput.responseBuilder
.speak(speechOutput + BG_MUSIC)
.addDirective(directive)
.getResponse();
}
};
// Construct and send a custom directive to the connected gadget with data from
// the BringIntent.
const TakeIntentHandler = {
canHandle(handlerInput) {
return Alexa.getRequestType(handlerInput.requestEnvelope) === 'IntentRequest'
&& Alexa.getIntentName(handlerInput.requestEnvelope) === 'TakeIntent';
},
handle: function (handlerInput) {
let command = Alexa.getSlotValue(handlerInput.requestEnvelope, 'Item');
if (command === "" || command === null)
command = "the item";
const attributesManager = handlerInput.attributesManager;
let endpointId = attributesManager.getSessionAttributes().endpointId || [];
let speed = attributesManager.getSessionAttributes().speed || "50";
// Construct the directive with the payload containing the move parameters
let directive = Util.build(endpointId, NAMESPACE, NAME_CONTROL,
{
type: 'take',
command: command,
speed: speed
});
let speechOutput = 'taking ' + command;
return handlerInput.responseBuilder
.speak(speechOutput + BG_MUSIC)
.addDirective(directive)
.getResponse();
}
};
// The SkillBuilder acts as the entry point for your skill, routing all request and response
// payloads to the handlers above. Make sure any new handlers or interceptors you've
// defined are included below. The order matters - they're processed top to bottom.
exports.handler = Alexa.SkillBuilders.custom()
.addRequestHandlers(
LaunchRequestHandler,
ComeIntentHandler,
TakeIntentHandler,
BringIntentHandler,
EventsReceivedRequestHandler,
ExpiredRequestHandler,
Common.HelpIntentHandler,
Common.CancelAndStopIntentHandler,
Common.SessionEndedRequestHandler,
Common.IntentReflectorHandler, // make sure IntentReflectorHandler is last so it doesn't override your custom intent handlers
)
.addRequestInterceptors(Common.RequestInterceptor)
.addErrorHandlers(
Common.ErrorHandler,
)
.lambda();

完整代碼可以在代碼上傳端看到

第 6 步：編寫 GRIPP3R 輔助機(jī)器人邏輯

我們需要套件不附帶的陀螺儀傳感器（如果您有它，它包含在核心教育套件中）。我們可以在沒有它的情況下做到這一點(diǎn)，但是沒有它來計(jì)時(shí) 180 度轉(zhuǎn)彎是相當(dāng)不準(zhǔn)確的。

from ev3dev2.sensor.lego import GyroSensor
self.gyro = GyroSensor()

這里有 4 個(gè)主要的代碼審查，首先來。下面的代碼很簡(jiǎn)單。

當(dāng) ComeIntent 讓 Robot 來找我們時(shí)，它會(huì)啟動(dòng) _come 向前移動(dòng)。并且當(dāng)紅外傳感器檢測(cè)到任何低于55的東西時(shí)，它會(huì)停止，當(dāng)機(jī)器人停止時(shí)，它會(huì)打開把手，等待物品。

def on_custom_mindstorms_gadget_control(self, directive):
"""
Handles the Custom.Mindstorms.Gadget control directive.
:param directive: the custom directive with the matching namespace and name
"""
try:
payload = json.loads(directive.payload.decode("utf-8"))
print("Control payload: {}".format(payload), file=sys.stderr)
control_type = payload["type"]
if control_type == "move":
# Expected params: [direction, duration, speed]
self._move(payload["direction"], int(payload["duration"]), int(payload["speed"]))
elif control_type == "come":
self._come()
elif control_type == "take":
self._take()
elif control_type == "bring":
self._bring()
except KeyError:
print("Missing expected parameters: {}".format(directive), file=sys.stderr)
def _come(self, duration=10, speed=50):
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)
self.isComing = True
self._move(Direction.FORWARD.value[0], duration, speed)

def _proximity_thread(self):
"""
Monitors the distance between the robot and an obstacle when sentry mode is activated.
If the minimum distance is breached, send a custom event to trigger action on
the Alexa skill.
"""
if distance <= 55:
"""
When the bot is coming, it will stop and open up it's arm
"""
if self.isComing == True:
self.isComing = False
print("Proximity breached, stopping")
self._move(Direction.STOP.value[0], 0, 0,)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "RED", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "RED", 1)
while not self.touch.is_pressed:
self.grip.on_for_degrees(SpeedPercent(10), -90)
print("Lowered the grip")

對(duì)于接下來的 2 個(gè)部分，我們需要轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，在紅外距離傳感器的同一線程下，我們還將檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，我們將電機(jī)移動(dòng)得非常慢，以便我們可以檢測(cè)到準(zhǔn)確的角度，每當(dāng)它達(dá)到 180 度時(shí)，機(jī)器人就會(huì)停止，繼續(xù)執(zhí)行下一個(gè)狀態(tài)。

self.gyro.reset()
self.isTurning = True
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-RATE'
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-ANG'
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(4), SpeedPercent(-4), 40, block=False)

if self.isTurning == True:
print("angle: {}".format(angle), file=sys.stderr)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "YELLOW", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "YELLOW", 1)
if abs(angle) >= 179 or abs(angle) <= -181:
self.isTurning = False
self._move(Direction.STOP.value[0], 0, 0,)
self.gyro.reset()
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-RATE'
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-ANG'
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)

當(dāng) TakeIntent 從服務(wù)器被命中時(shí)，我們將命中 _take 函數(shù)。它將抓住物品，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) 180 度，然后前往基地。當(dāng)紅外傳感器擊中時(shí)，它會(huì)掉落物品，后退一秒鐘并轉(zhuǎn)回 180 度。

def on_custom_mindstorms_gadget_control(self, directive):
"""
Handles the Custom.Mindstorms.Gadget control directive.
:param directive: the custom directive with the matching namespace and name
"""
try:
payload = json.loads(directive.payload.decode("utf-8"))
print("Control payload: {}".format(payload), file=sys.stderr)
control_type = payload["type"]
if control_type == "move":
# Expected params: [direction, duration, speed]
self._move(payload["direction"], int(payload["duration"]), int(payload["speed"]))
elif control_type == "come":
self._come()
elif control_type == "take":
self._take()

def _take(self, duration=10, speed=50):
self.grip.on_for_rotations(SpeedPercent(100), 1)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)
self.gyro.reset()
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-RATE'
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-ANG'
self.isTurning = True
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(4), SpeedPercent(-4), 40)
self.isTaking = True
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(50), SpeedPercent(50), duration)

elif self.isTaking ==True:
self.isTaking = False
print("Proximity breached, stopping")
self._move(Direction.STOP.value[0], 0, 0,)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "RED", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "RED", 1)
while not self.touch.is_pressed:
self.grip.on_for_degrees(SpeedPercent(10), -90)
print("Dropping Item")
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(-50), SpeedPercent(-50), 1)
self.gyro.reset()
self.isTurning = True
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-RATE'
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-ANG'
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(4), SpeedPercent(-4), 40, block=False)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)

BringIntent 是最復(fù)雜的一個(gè)。一旦將控制權(quán)傳遞給機(jī)器人，我們首先調(diào)用_bring函數(shù)，它會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)180度，步行1秒并抓住物品，然后它會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)180度，來到我們身邊，一旦通過紅外傳感器檢測(cè)到我們，它就會(huì)下降物品和走回來的時(shí)間與它走到我們身邊的時(shí)間相同。

def on_custom_mindstorms_gadget_control(self, directive):
"""
Handles the Custom.Mindstorms.Gadget control directive.
:param directive: the custom directive with the matching namespace and name
"""
try:
payload = json.loads(directive.payload.decode("utf-8"))
print("Control payload: {}".format(payload), file=sys.stderr)
control_type = payload["type"]
if control_type == "move":
# Expected params: [direction, duration, speed]
self._move(payload["direction"], int(payload["duration"]), int(payload["speed"]))
elif control_type == "come":
self._come()
elif control_type == "take":
self._take()
elif control_type == "bring":
self._bring()

def _bring(self, duration=10):
self.isTurning = True
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-RATE'
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-ANG'
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(4), SpeedPercent(-4), 40)
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(50), SpeedPercent(50), 1)
self.grip.on_for_rotations(SpeedPercent(100), 1)
self.isTurning = True
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-RATE'
self.gyro.mode = 'GYRO-ANG'
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(4), SpeedPercent(-4), 40)
self.isBringing = True
self.now = time.time()
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(50), SpeedPercent(50), duration)
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "GREEN", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "GREEN", 1)

def _proximity_thread(self):
if distance <= 55:
elif self.isBringing ==True:
self.isBringing = False
print("Proximity breached, stopping")
self._move(Direction.STOP.value[0], 0, 0)
self.later = time.time()
self.leds.set_color("LEFT", "RED", 1)
self.leds.set_color("RIGHT", "RED", 1)
while not self.touch.is_pressed:
self.grip.on_for_degrees(SpeedPercent(10), -90)
print("Dropping Item")
difference = int(self.later - self.now)
self.drive.on_for_seconds(SpeedPercent(-50), SpeedPercent(-50), difference)\

第 7 步：演示！

通過這 3 個(gè)功能，我們基本上可以讓機(jī)器人為我們存儲(chǔ)物品，并在我們需要時(shí)獲取物品。該機(jī)器人能夠存儲(chǔ)從藥瓶到奶瓶的任何東西。這些功能對(duì)行動(dòng)不便的老年人特別有幫助。

我們?cè)?300 美元以下構(gòu)建了所有這些，您絕對(duì)可以按照指南在 20 小時(shí)內(nèi)完成。這是一個(gè)開源項(xiàng)目，我們可以改進(jìn)這些功能并在未來幫助老年人。