The computational load in Matching Pursuit (MP) of images is very huge, and this is the main drawback with MP of images. In this paper, a new fast algorithm is presented to speed up MP of images. Energy distribution of atoms used in MP is studied and most of computational loads can therefore be avoided by making use of the atom energy property. Experimental results show that the MP algorithm developed according to this property is many times faster than the conventional MP method and at the same time the quality of reconstructed images by the new algorithm is as good as by the conventional MP method.】稀疏分解在圖像處理中應用的關鍵障礙之一是圖像稀疏分解速度十分緩慢。針對這一問題，提出了一種新的圖像稀疏分解的匹配追蹤快速算法。研究了圖像稀疏分解中使用的原子的能量分布特性，根據原子能量的分布特性，圖像匹配追蹤中的絕大部分的計算可以省略，因而極大地提高了圖像匹配追蹤的計算速度。實驗結果表明，新的算法比傳統的圖像匹配追蹤算法速度提高了許多倍，而恢復圖像的質量沒有任何的降低。